# 100 từ vựng chủ đề Space exploration

Nguồn: https://therealielts.vn/100-tu-vung-chu-de-space-exploration/  
Tác giả: Tú Kiều Trọng — The Real IELTS  
Ngày đăng: 29/06/2025 · Cập nhật: 29/06/2025  
Chuyên mục: Bài tập từ vựng IELTS có đáp án, Từ vựng IELTS

---

Danh sách 100 từ vựng liên quan đến thám hiểm không gian. Các từ này bao gồm những thuật ngữ, khái niệm và thiết bị chính liên quan đến việc thám hiểm không gian.

Đọc thêm: **[1 số từ vựng tiếng anh cơ bản](https://therealielts.vn/1000-tu-vung-tieng-anh-co-ban-pdf/)**.

Đọc thêm: **[1000 từ vựng tiếng Anh cơ bản PDF](https://therealielts.vn/1000-tu-vung-tieng-anh-co-ban-pdf/)**

---

1. **Astronaut – Phi hành gia**
  Example: The astronaut trained for years before their first mission to space.
2. **Rocket – Tên lửa**
  Example: The rocket launched successfully, carrying a satellite into orbit.
3. **Orbit – Quỹ đạo**
  Example: The spacecraft entered Earth’s orbit after a smooth launch.
4. **Satellite – Vệ tinh**
  Example: The satellite collects data about weather patterns on Earth.
5. **Galaxy – Thiên hà**
  Example: The Milky Way is the galaxy where our solar system resides.
6. **Planet – Hành tinh**
  Example: Mars is a planet scientists are eager to explore.
7. **Star – Ngôi sao**
  Example: The star shone brightly in the night sky.
8. **Moon – Mặt trăng**
  Example: The Apollo mission landed humans on the moon in 1969.
9. **Spacecraft – Tàu vũ trụ**
  Example: The spacecraft was designed to explore distant planets.
10. **Mission – Nhiệm vụ**
  Example: The mission to Jupiter took five years to complete.
11. **Telescope – Kính viễn vọng**
  Example: The Hubble Telescope captured stunning images of distant galaxies.
12. **Gravity – Trọng lực**
  Example: Gravity on the moon is much weaker than on Earth.
13. **Atmosphere – Bầu khí quyển**
  Example: The planet’s atmosphere protects it from harmful radiation.
14. **Meteor – Sao băng**
  Example: We watched a meteor streak across the sky during the shower.
15. **Comet – Sao chổi**
  Example: The comet’s tail was visible from Earth for weeks.
16. **Asteroid – Tiểu hành tinh**
  Example: Scientists track asteroids to prevent potential collisions with Earth.
17. **Nebula – Tinh vân**
  Example: The nebula glowed with vibrant colors in the telescope’s view.
18. **Black hole – Hố đen**
  Example: A black hole has such strong gravity that light cannot escape.
19. **Solar system – Hệ mặt trời**
  Example: Our solar system includes eight planets orbiting the sun.
20. **Sun – Mặt trời**
  Example: The sun provides energy for life on Earth.
21. **Launch – Phóng**
  Example: The rocket launch was broadcast live around the world.
22. **Space station – Trạm vũ trụ**
  Example: Astronauts live and work on the International Space Station.
23. **Probe – Tàu thăm dò**
  Example: The probe sent back images of Pluto’s surface.
24. **Rover – Xe tự hành**
  Example: The Mars rover collected rock samples for analysis.
25. **Cosmos – Vũ trụ**
  Example: Scientists study the cosmos to understand its origins.
26. **Extraterrestrial – Ngoài Trái Đất**
  Example: Researchers search for extraterrestrial life in the universe.
27. **Interstellar – Liên sao**
  Example: Interstellar travel remains a dream for future generations.
28. **Light-year – Năm ánh sáng**
  Example: A light-year measures the distance light travels in one year.
29. **Constellation – Chòm sao**
  Example: The constellation Orion is visible in the winter sky.
30. **Vacuum – Chân không**
  Example: Space is a vacuum with no air or sound.
31. **Radiation – Bức xạ**
  Example: Astronauts are exposed to cosmic radiation in space.
32. **Trajectory – Quỹ đạo di chuyển**
  Example: The spacecraft’s trajectory was carefully calculated.
33. **Propulsion – Động cơ đẩy**
  Example: The rocket’s propulsion system powered it into space.
34. **Payload – Tải trọng**
  Example: The payload included scientific instruments for the mission.
35. **Reentry – Tái nhập**
  Example: The spacecraft endured intense heat during reentry.
36. **Capsule – Khoang tàu**
  Example: The capsule safely returned the astronauts to Earth.
37. **Docking – Ghép nối**
  Example: The spacecraft completed docking with the space station.
38. **Lunar – Thuộc về mặt trăng**
  Example: The lunar module landed on the moon’s surface.
39. **Martian – Thuộc về sao Hỏa**
  Example: The Martian landscape is rocky and red.
40. **Crater – Hố va chạm**
  Example: The moon’s surface is covered with craters from impacts.
41. **Observatory – Đài thiên văn**
  Example: The observatory houses powerful telescopes for stargazing.
42. **Cosmonaut – Nhà du hành vũ trụ**
  Example: The cosmonaut spent six months aboard the space station.
43. **Module – Mô-đun**
  Example: The space station has multiple modules for research.
44. **Thruster – Động cơ phụ**
  Example: The thruster adjusted the spacecraft’s position in orbit.
45. **Telemetry – Đo từ xa**
  Example: Telemetry data helped engineers monitor the mission.
46. **Antenna – Ăng-ten**
  Example: The antenna transmitted signals back to Earth.
47. **Solar panel – Tấm pin mặt trời**
  Example: Solar panels powered the spacecraft’s systems.
48. **Eclipse – Nhật thực/Nguyệt thực**
  Example: The solar eclipse darkened the sky for a few minutes.
49. **Parallax – Thị sai**
  Example: Astronomers use parallax to measure star distances.
50. **Redshift – Dịch chuyển đỏ**
  Example: Redshift indicates that galaxies are moving away from us.
51. **Blueshift – Dịch chuyển xanh**
  Example: Blueshift suggests an object is moving toward us.
52. **Spectroscopy – Quang phổ học**
  Example: Spectroscopy helps scientists analyze a star’s composition.
53. **Dark matter – Vật chất tối**
  Example: Dark matter influences the universe’s structure.
54. **Dark energy – Năng lượng tối**
  Example: Dark energy drives the universe’s expansion.
55. **Big Bang – Vụ nổ lớn**
  Example: The Big Bang is the origin of the universe.
56. **Pulsar – Sao xung**
  Example: A pulsar emits regular pulses of radio waves.
57. **Quasar – Chuẩn tinh**
  Example: A quasar is a highly luminous object in the universe.
58. **Supernova – Siêu tân tinh**
  Example: A supernova marks the explosive death of a star.
59. **Cluster – Cụm thiên hà**
  Example: The galaxy cluster contains hundreds of galaxies.
60. **Heliosphere – Nhật quyển**
  Example: The heliosphere protects the solar system from cosmic rays.
61. **Ionosphere – Tầng điện ly**
  Example: The ionosphere affects radio signals on Earth.
62. **Magnetosphere – Từ quyển**
  Example: Earth’s magnetosphere shields it from solar wind.
63. **Aurora – Cực quang**
  Example: The aurora lit up the sky with vibrant colors.
64. **Exoplanet – Hành tinh ngoài hệ mặt trời**
  Example: Scientists discovered an exoplanet in the habitable zone.
65. **Habitable – Có thể sinh sống**
  Example: The planet is in a habitable zone near its star.
66. **Terraforming – Cải tạo hành tinh**
  Example: Terraforming Mars could make it suitable for humans.
67. **Cryogenics – Công nghệ đông lạnh**
  Example: Cryogenics is used to store rocket fuel.
68. **Microgravity – Vi trọng lực**
  Example: Astronauts experience microgravity while in orbit.
69. **Astrobiology – Sinh học vũ trụ**
  Example: Astrobiology studies the possibility of life in space.
70. **Geostationary – Địa tĩnh**
  Example: The satellite remains in a geostationary orbit above Earth.
71. **Apogee – Điểm xa nhất**
  Example: The spacecraft reached its apogee in orbit.
72. **Perigee – Điểm gần nhất**
  Example: The satellite’s perigee brought it closer to Earth.
73. **Retrograde – Nghịch hành**
  Example: Some planets appear to move in retrograde motion.
74. **Escape velocity – Vận tốc thoát**
  Example: The rocket reached escape velocity to leave Earth’s gravity.
75. **Payload bay – Khoang chứa hàng**
  Example: The payload bay carried satellites into space.
76. **Heat shield – Tấm chắn nhiệt**
  Example: The heat shield protected the capsule during reentry.
77. **Starship – Tàu vũ trụ lớn**
  Example: The starship is designed for interplanetary travel.
78. **Cosmic ray – Tia vũ trụ**
  Example: Cosmic rays pose a risk to astronauts in space.
79. **Event horizon – Chân trời sự kiện**
  Example: The event horizon marks the boundary of a black hole.
80. **Singularity – Điểm kỳ dị**
  Example: A singularity exists at the center of a black hole.
81. **Wormhole – Lỗ sâu đục**
  Example: A wormhole could theoretically connect distant parts of space.
82. **Space suit – Bộ đồ phi hành gia**
  Example: The space suit protects astronauts during spacewalks.
83. **Spacewalk – Đi bộ ngoài không gian**
  Example: The astronaut performed a spacewalk to repair the station.
84. **Inertia – Quán tính**
  Example: Inertia keeps objects moving in space without resistance.
85. **Spectrometer – Máy quang phổ**
  Example: The spectrometer analyzed the planet’s atmosphere.
86. **Astrophotography – Nhiếp ảnh thiên văn**
  Example: Astrophotography captures stunning images of the cosmos.
87. **Declination – Độ nghiêng**
  Example: Declination measures a star’s position in the sky.
88. **Right ascension – Kinh độ trời**
  Example: Right ascension helps locate celestial objects.
89. **Zenith – Thiên đỉnh**
  Example: The star reached its zenith directly overhead.
90. **Nadir – Thiên để**
  Example: The nadir is the point directly below an observer.
91. **Parsec – Parsec (đơn vị khoảng cách)**
  Example: A parsec is used to measure vast distances in space.
92. **Lagrange point – Điểm Lagrange**
  Example: Satellites are placed at Lagrange points for stability.
93. **Space debris – Rác vũ trụ**
  Example: Space debris poses a threat to orbiting satellites.
94. **Orbital decay – Suy giảm quỹ đạo**
  Example: Orbital decay causes satellites to eventually fall to Earth.
95. **Slingshot – Hiệu ứng bắn vọt**
  Example: The spacecraft used a slingshot maneuver to gain speed.
96. **Astrodynamics – Động lực học thiên văn**
  Example: Astrodynamics studies the motion of spacecraft.
97. **Celestial – Thuộc về thiên thể**
  Example: Celestial navigation uses stars to guide spacecraft.
98. **Corona – Vành nhật hoa**
  Example: The sun’s corona is visible during a total eclipse.
99. **Interplanetary – Liên hành tinh**
  Example: Interplanetary missions explore planets beyond Earth.
100. **Hyperspace – Siêu không gian**
  Example: Hyperspace is a theoretical concept for faster-than-light travel.