# 100 Từ vựng Chủ đề The challenges of learning a new language

Nguồn: https://therealielts.vn/100-tu-vung-learning-a-new-language/  
Tác giả: Tú Kiều Trọng — The Real IELTS  
Ngày đăng: 27/06/2025 · Cập nhật: 12/10/2026  
Chuyên mục: Bài tập từ vựng IELTS có đáp án, Từ vựng IELTS

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Danh sách 100 từ vựng giúp bạn thảo luận về những khó khăn, rào cản và cảm xúc thường gặp trong hành trình chinh phục một ngôn ngữ mới.

Đọc thêm: **[1 số từ vựng tiếng anh cơ bản](https://therealielts.vn/1000-tu-vung-tieng-anh-co-ban-pdf/)**.

Đọc thêm: **[1000 từ vựng tiếng Anh cơ bản PDF](https://therealielts.vn/1000-tu-vung-tieng-anh-co-ban-pdf/)**

## I. Thách thức về Ngữ pháp & Từ vựng (Grammar & Vocabulary Challenges)

1. **Grammar** - Ngữ pháp - English **grammar** has many complex rules and exceptions.
2. **Syntax** - Cú pháp - The word order, or **syntax**, can be completely different from my native language.
3. **Conjugation** - Sự chia động từ - Verb **conjugation** in French can be very tricky to learn.
4. **Tense** - Thì (thời gian) - I always get confused between the past perfect and present perfect **tenses**.
5. **Idiom** - Thành ngữ - **Idioms** often don't make sense when you translate them literally.
6. **Phrasal verb** - Cụm động từ - There are thousands of **phrasal verbs** in English, and each can have multiple meanings.
7. **Collocation** - Cụm từ thường đi chung - It's important to learn **collocations** to sound more natural.
8. **False friend** - Từ đồng âm khác nghĩa (gây nhầm lẫn) - "Embarazada" in Spanish means "pregnant," not "embarrassed", it's a classic **false friend**.
9. **Slang** - Tiếng lóng - Keeping up with modern **slang** is almost impossible.
10. **Jargon** - Biệt ngữ - Every professional field has its own **jargon** that can be difficult to understand.
11. **Ambiguity** - Sự mơ hồ - The **ambiguity** of some words can lead to misunderstanding.
12. **Nuance** - Sắc thái - It's hard to grasp the subtle **nuances** of meaning between similar words.
13. **Synonym** - Từ đồng nghĩa - Choosing the right **synonym** depends on the context.
14. **Antonym** - Từ trái nghĩa - Learning **antonyms** can help you expand your vocabulary.
15. **Preposition** - Giới từ - Using the correct **preposition** (in, on, at) is a common challenge.
16. **Article** - Mạo từ - I often forget to use the **articles** "a," "an," or "the."
17. **Irregular verb** - Động từ bất quy tắc - Memorizing all the **irregular verbs** takes a lot of practice.
18. **Exception** - Ngoại lệ - For every grammar rule, there seems to be an **exception**.
19. **Redundancy** - Sự thừa thãi - Sometimes learners use **redundancy** by saying "more better" instead of just "better."
20. **Complexity** - Sự phức tạp - The **complexity** of the grammar is the hardest part for me.

[Video / nhúng](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc_EV6X9Vwv9-XsHyPRi6_hBK66r-fouKltaFDnmZAnbj5SUA/viewform?embedded=true)

## II. Thách thức về Phát âm & Nghe (Pronunciation & Listening Challenges)

1. **Pronunciation** - Phát âm - The **pronunciation** of "thought," "though," and "tough" is very difficult.
2. **Accent** - Giọng điệu - It's hard to understand people who speak with a strong regional **accent**.
3. **Intonation** - Ngữ điệu - Incorrect **intonation** can change the meaning of a sentence.
4. **Rhythm** - Nhịp điệu - Each language has its own unique **rhythm** and flow.
5. **Stress** (syllable) - Trọng âm - Word **stress** is very important in English; "record" and "record" are two different words.
6. **Silent letter** - Âm câm - The "k" in "know" is a **silent letter**.
7. **Connected speech** - Luyến âm, nối âm - Native speakers use **connected speech**, which makes it hard to distinguish individual words.
8. **Pace** - Tốc độ nói - They speak at such a fast **pace** that I can't keep up.
9. **Mumble** - Nói lầm bầm - It's difficult to understand someone when they **mumble**.
10. **Distinguish** - Phân biệt - I can't **distinguish** between the sounds /ɪ/ and /i:/.
11. **Comprehension** - Khả năng hiểu - My listening **comprehension** is my weakest skill.
12. **Background noise** - Tạp âm nền - **Background noise** makes it even harder to listen to a conversation.
13. **Tonal language** - Ngôn ngữ thanh điệu - In a **tonal language** like Vietnamese, the same word can have different meanings based on its tone.
14. **Guttural** - (Âm) ở cổ họng - Some languages, like German or Arabic, have **guttural** sounds that are hard for me to produce.
15. **Interference** (from native language) - Sự giao thoa (từ tiếng mẹ đẻ) - My pronunciation suffers from **interference** from my native language.

[Video / nhúng](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc_EV6X9Vwv9-XsHyPRi6_hBK66r-fouKltaFDnmZAnbj5SUA/viewform?embedded=true)

## III. Rào cản Tâm lý & Xã hội (Psychological & Social Barriers)

1. **Frustration** - Sự nản lòng - It's easy to feel **frustration** when you don't see progress.
2. **Anxiety** - Sự lo lắng - I feel a lot of **anxiety** before speaking in front of native speakers.
3. **Inhibition** - Sự e dè, mặc cảm - **Inhibition** prevents many learners from speaking.
4. **Fear of mistakes** - Nỗi sợ mắc lỗi - The **fear of mistakes** is one of the biggest barriers to fluency.
5. **Shyness** - Sự rụt rè - My **shyness** makes it difficult for me to start conversations.
6. **Self-consciousness** - Sự tự ti, e ngại - I feel very **self-conscious** about my accent.
7. **Plateau** - Giai đoạn chững lại - I feel like my learning has hit a **plateau**; I'm not making any progress.
8. **Burnout** - Sự kiệt sức - Studying too hard without breaks can lead to **burnout**.
9. **Motivation** - Động lực - It's hard to maintain **motivation** over a long period.
10. **Imposter syndrome** - Hội chứng kẻ mạo danh - Sometimes I feel **imposter syndrome**, like I'm just pretending to speak the language.
11. **Isolation** - Sự bị cô lập - If you can't communicate well, it can lead to feelings of **isolation**.
12. **Misunderstanding** - Sự hiểu lầm - Cultural differences can cause **misunderstanding**.
13. **Culture shock** - Sốc văn hóa - Living in a new country often involves some degree of **culture shock**.
14. **Judgment** - Sự phán xét - I'm afraid of **judgment** from native speakers.
15. **Pressure** - Áp lực - There is a lot of **pressure** to become fluent quickly.

[Video / nhúng](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc_EV6X9Vwv9-XsHyPRi6_hBK66r-fouKltaFDnmZAnbj5SUA/viewform?embedded=true)

## IV. Thách thức trong quá trình học (Learning Process Challenges)

1. **Struggle** - Sự vật lộn, khó khăn - It's a daily **struggle** to find time to study.
2. **Obstacle** - Trở ngại - The biggest **obstacle** for me is the lack of practice opportunities.
3. **Setback** - Sự thụt lùi, trở ngại - Getting a bad test score was a big **setback** for my confidence.
4. **Difficulty** - Khó khăn - I have **difficulty** remembering new words.
5. **Consistency** - Sự đều đặn - Maintaining **consistency** in my study routine is a challenge.
6. **Time management** - Quản lý thời gian - Poor **time management** is my biggest enemy.
7. **Memorization** - Sự ghi nhớ - The **memorization** of endless vocabulary lists is tedious.
8. **Retention** - Khả năng duy trì (kiến thức) - My vocabulary **retention** is very poor.
9. **Fossilization** - Sự hóa thạch (lỗi sai) - Some of my early grammar mistakes have led to **fossilization**.
10. **Monotony** - Sự đơn điệu - The **monotony** of grammar drills can be very boring.
11. **Tedious** - Tẻ nhạt, chán ngắt - I find translating long texts to be a **tedious** task.
12. **Overwhelm** - Sự choáng ngợp - The amount of things to learn can cause a feeling of **overwhelm**.
13. **Lack of practice** - Thiếu sự luyện tập - My speaking doesn't improve due to a **lack of practice**.
14. **Lack of exposure** - Thiếu sự tiếp xúc - A **lack of exposure** to the language makes it hard to learn natural phrasing.
15. **Unrealistic expectations** - Kỳ vọng không thực tế - Having **unrealistic expectations** can lead to disappointment.
16. **Resource** - Tài nguyên - Finding good quality learning **resources** can be difficult.
17. **Guidance** - Sự hướng dẫn - Without proper **guidance**, it's easy to get lost.
18. **Application** - Sự áp dụng - The real challenge is the practical **application** of what you've learned.
19. **Forgetting curve** - Đường cong lãng quên - The **forgetting curve** shows how quickly we forget information if we don't review it.
20. **Habit** - Thói quen - It's hard to form a consistent study **habit**.

[Video / nhúng](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc_EV6X9Vwv9-XsHyPRi6_hBK66r-fouKltaFDnmZAnbj5SUA/viewform?embedded=true)

## V. Các từ mô tả trải nghiệm (Words Describing the Experience)

1. **Daunting** - Nản chí, làm thoái chí - The task of learning 2,000 characters seems **daunting**.
2. **Discouraging** - Gây nản lòng - It's **discouraging** when you study hard but don't see results.
3. **Exhausting** - Gây kiệt sức - Trying to speak a new language all day can be mentally **exhausting**.
4. **Confusing** - Gây bối rối - The different meanings of the same word are very **confusing**.
5. **Awkward** - Ngượng ngùng - There are often **awkward** pauses in my conversations.
6. **Embarrassing** - Xấu hổ, ngượng - It's **embarrassing** when you use the wrong word.
7. **Humbling** - Khiêm tốn - Learning a new language is a **humbling** experience.
8. **Demotivating** - Gây mất động lực - A lack of progress can be very **demotivating**.
9. **Intimidating** - Đáng sợ - Speaking to a group of native speakers is **intimidating**.
10. **Cumbersome** - Rườm rà, phức tạp - The grammar rules feel **cumbersome** and illogical.
11. **Unnatural** - Không tự nhiên - My sentences often sound **unnatural** and translated.
12. **Incoherent** - Không mạch lạc - When I'm nervous, my speech becomes **incoherent**.
13. **Hesitant** - Do dự, ngập ngừng - I am always **hesitant** to speak because I'm afraid of making mistakes.
14. **Clumsy** - Vụng về - My attempts to make jokes in another language often feel **clumsy**.
15. **Limited** - Bị hạn chế - I feel frustrated by my **limited** vocabulary.
16. **Repetitive** - Lặp đi lặp lại - The process of drilling vocabulary can be very **repetitive**.
17. **Demanding** - Đòi hỏi cao - Learning a language is a **demanding** task.
18. **Counter-intuitive** - Phản trực giác - Some grammar structures are **counter-intuitive**.
19. **Taxing** - Mệt mỏi, vất vả - A two-hour language class can be mentally **taxing**.
20. **Unattainable** - Không thể đạt được - At times, fluency feels like an **unattainable** goal.
21. **Ineffective** - Không hiệu quả - My old study methods were **ineffective**.
22. **Stagnant** - Trì trệ - I feel like my progress has been **stagnant** for months.
23. **Vulnerable** - Dễ bị tổn thương - You feel very **vulnerable** when you can't express yourself properly.
24. **Inadequate** - Không đủ, thiếu sót - I often feel **inadequate** when speaking with native speakers.
25. **Incomprehensible** - Khó hiểu, không thể hiểu được - The fast, mumbled speech was completely **incomprehensible** to me.
26. **Insurmountable** - Không thể vượt qua - The challenge seemed **insurmountable** at first.
27. **Perplexing** - Rắc rối, khó hiểu - The reason for this grammar rule is **perplexing**.
28. **Grueling** - Gian khổ, cực nhọc - Preparing for the proficiency exam was a **grueling** process.
29. **Mind-numbing** - Cực kỳ nhàm chán - Memorizing lists of words can be **mind-numbing**.
30. **Elusive** - Lảng tránh, khó nắm bắt - Perfect fluency seems to be an **elusive** goal.

[Video / nhúng](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc_EV6X9Vwv9-XsHyPRi6_hBK66r-fouKltaFDnmZAnbj5SUA/viewform?embedded=true)