IELTS Reading 2024 “The Impact of Deforestation on Global Ecosystems”

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IELTS Reading:”The Impact of Deforestation on Global Ecosystems“

The Impact of Deforestation on Global Ecosystems

Deforestation, the large-scale removal of trees and conversion of forested lands for non-forest uses, has become one of the most critical environmental challenges of our time. This practice, primarily driven by agricultural expansion, urban development, and logging, has profound effects on global ecosystems. The impact of deforestation extends beyond the immediate loss of trees, influencing biodiversity, climate patterns, and the livelihoods of communities dependent on forest resources.

One of the most significant impacts of deforestation is the loss of biodiversity. Forests are home to a vast array of species, many of which are endemic, meaning they are found nowhere else on Earth. Tropical rainforests, in particular, harbor more than half of the world’s terrestrial species. When forests are cleared, these species lose their habitats, leading to population declines and, in some cases, extinction. The destruction of these ecosystems also disrupts the delicate balance of predator-prey relationships, pollination processes, and seed dispersal mechanisms. Such disruptions can cause cascading effects throughout the food web, ultimately leading to the collapse of entire ecosystems.

In addition to biodiversity loss, deforestation significantly contributes to climate change. Forests play a crucial role in regulating the Earth’s climate by acting as carbon sinks, absorbing large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. When trees are cut down and burned or left to decay, the carbon stored in them is released back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that drives global warming. The reduction in forest cover also decreases the planet’s overall ability to absorb carbon dioxide, exacerbating the effects of climate change. This has led to an increase in extreme weather events, such as more intense storms, droughts, and temperature fluctuations, which further threaten ecosystems and human societies alike.

Moreover, deforestation disrupts the water cycle. Trees play a vital role in maintaining the balance of water in the atmosphere through the process of transpiration, where water is absorbed by tree roots and released into the air as water vapor. This process contributes to cloud formation and precipitation. When forests are cleared, this natural cycle is interrupted, leading to reduced rainfall, which can cause droughts in some regions while increasing the risk of flooding in others.

The loss of forest cover also leads to soil erosion, as tree roots that previously held the soil in place are no longer present. This erosion can result in the degradation of land, making it less fertile and less suitable for agriculture, which can trigger further deforestation as people clear more land in search of arable soil.

The social and economic consequences of deforestation are equally concerning. Many indigenous communities and local populations depend on forests for their livelihoods, relying on them for food, medicine, and raw materials. The destruction of forests threatens their way of life, leading to displacement and loss of cultural heritage. Additionally, the loss of ecosystem services provided by forests, such as clean water, fertile soil, and climate regulation, can lead to increased poverty and food insecurity in regions where communities are highly dependent on natural resources.

Efforts to combat deforestation have gained momentum over recent years, with initiatives ranging from reforestation projects to sustainable land management practices. International agreements like the Paris Agreement and the United Nations’ REDD+ program (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) aim to incentivize countries to preserve their forests by offering financial compensation in exchange for forest conservation. However, despite these efforts, deforestation rates remain alarmingly high, particularly in tropical regions such as the Amazon Basin, Southeast Asia, and Central Africa.

In conclusion, deforestation poses a severe threat to global ecosystems, with far-reaching consequences for biodiversity, climate stability, and human well-being. Addressing this challenge requires a multifaceted approach that balances the needs for development and environmental conservation. Sustainable practices, such as agroforestry, selective logging, and the protection of critical forest areas, must be promoted to ensure that forests continue to provide essential services to both people and the planet. The future health of our ecosystems and the resilience of global communities depend on how effectively we manage and protect the world’s remaining forests.

Đề bài thi IELTS Reading

1. Multiple Choice Questions (Câu hỏi trắc nghiệm)

1. Which of the following is the primary driver of deforestation? A. Urban expansion
   B. Natural disasters
   C. Overpopulation
   D. Industrialization
2. What is the main role of forests in regulating the Earth’s climate? A. Providing oxygen
   B. Acting as carbon sinks
   C. Reducing pollution
   D. Supporting tourism
3. Which region is most affected by deforestation? A. Arctic regions
   B. Tropical rainforests
   C. Coastal areas
   D. Temperate forests
4. What happens when trees are cut down and left to decay? A. They contribute to soil fertility
   B. They release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
   C. They increase the population of forest species
   D. They prevent soil erosion
5. Which of the following consequences of deforestation affects water cycles? A. Increased soil fertility
   B. Loss of biodiversity
   C. Disruption of transpiration processes
   D. Enhanced food security
6. What is the aim of the REDD+ program? A. Promoting urban development
   B. Compensating countries for preserving forests
   C. Encouraging industrial growth
   D. Reducing water scarcity
7. Which practice is mentioned as a sustainable way to manage forests? A. Monocropping
   B. Selective logging
   C. Intensive farming
   D. Slash-and-burn agriculture
8. What is the long-term impact of deforestation on indigenous communities? A. Economic prosperity
   B. Loss of cultural heritage
   C. Increased access to education
   D. Enhanced food production
9. How does deforestation lead to soil erosion? A. By increasing the nutrient content in the soil
   B. By removing tree roots that hold the soil together
   C. By promoting urban expansion
   D. By encouraging the growth of native plants
10. Which of the following is an international agreement mentioned in the passage? A. The Kyoto Protocol
    B. The Paris Agreement
    C. The Green New Deal
    D. The Biodiversity Convention

2. True/False/Not Given (Xác định đúng, sai hoặc không được đề cập)

11. The passage suggests that more than half of the world’s terrestrial species are found in tropical rainforests.
    A. True
    B. False
    C. Not Given
12. Deforestation has led to an increase in natural disaster occurrences.
    A. True
    B. False
    C. Not Given
13. The loss of ecosystem services due to deforestation only impacts rural communities.
    A. True
    B. False
    C. Not Given
14. The Paris Agreement focuses on incentivizing countries to reduce deforestation rates.
    A. True
    B. False
    C. Not Given
15. The passage claims that forests are being destroyed at a faster rate in temperate regions than in tropical ones.
    A. True
    B. False
    C. Not Given

3. Yes/No/Not Given (Xác định quan điểm của tác giả)

16. The author believes that reforestation alone can solve the problem of deforestation.
    A. Yes
    B. No
    C. Not Given
17. According to the author, deforestation is primarily caused by illegal activities.
    A. Yes
    B. No
    C. Not Given
18. The passage supports the idea that sustainable practices can help maintain the benefits provided by forests.
    A. Yes
    B. No
    C. Not Given
19. The author agrees that selective logging is a destructive practice.
    A. Yes
    B. No
    C. Not Given
20. The passage suggests that current efforts to combat deforestation are sufficient.
    A. Yes
    B. No
    C. Not Given

4. Matching Information (Nối thông tin)

21. Which paragraph discusses the impact of deforestation on water cycles?
    A. Paragraph 1
    B. Paragraph 2
    C. Paragraph 3
    D. Paragraph 4
22. In which paragraph is the role of international agreements in reducing deforestation mentioned?
    A. Paragraph 1
    B. Paragraph 3
    C. Paragraph 4
    D. Paragraph 5
23. Which paragraph highlights the effects of deforestation on indigenous communities?
    A. Paragraph 2
    B. Paragraph 3
    C. Paragraph 4
    D. Paragraph 5
24. In which paragraph is the link between deforestation and biodiversity loss explained?
    A. Paragraph 1
    B. Paragraph 2
    C. Paragraph 3
    D. Paragraph 4
25. Which paragraph describes the sustainable practices that can be implemented to combat deforestation?
    A. Paragraph 3
    B. Paragraph 4
    C. Paragraph 5
    D. Paragraph 6

5. Matching Headings (Nối tiêu đề với đoạn văn)

26. The role of forests in climate regulation
    A. Paragraph 1
    B. Paragraph 2
    C. Paragraph 3
    D. Paragraph 4
27. The importance of biodiversity in forest ecosystems
    A. Paragraph 1
    B. Paragraph 2
    C. Paragraph 3
    D. Paragraph 4
28. The impact of deforestation on water and soil cycles
    A. Paragraph 1
    B. Paragraph 2
    C. Paragraph 3
    D. Paragraph 4
29. International efforts to reduce deforestation
    A. Paragraph 1
    B. Paragraph 3
    C. Paragraph 4
    D. Paragraph 5
30. Social and economic consequences of deforestation
    A. Paragraph 2
    B. Paragraph 3
    C. Paragraph 4
    D. Paragraph 5

6. Matching Sentence Endings (Nối phần kết câu)

31. Forests contribute to cloud formation by
    A. absorbing carbon dioxide.
    B. releasing water vapor into the atmosphere.
    C. preventing soil erosion.
    D. storing nutrients in the soil.
32. Tropical rainforests are significant because
    A. they are home to many species that cannot be found elsewhere.
    B. they contribute to global economic growth.
    C. they provide opportunities for tourism.
    D. they are resistant to climate change.
33. The loss of tree roots due to deforestation leads to
    A. increased agricultural productivity.
    B. more arable land for farming.
    C. severe soil degradation and erosion.
    D. the growth of new ecosystems.
34. International agreements aim to
    A. reduce the rate of industrial growth.
    B. support sustainable farming practices.
    C. encourage countries to conserve their forests.
    D. increase urban development.
35. The disruption of the water cycle due to deforestation can result in
    A. increased agricultural output.
    B. fewer droughts in affected regions.
    C. reduced rainfall and more frequent floods.
    D. improved water quality.

7. Sentence Completion (Hoàn thành câu)

36. Forests act as carbon sinks by ____________.
37. The disruption of predator-prey relationships due to deforestation can ____________.
38. Many indigenous communities depend on forests for ____________.
39. International programs like REDD+ provide financial incentives to ____________.
40. The removal of tree cover during deforestation leads to ____________.

Đáp án bài thi IELTS Reading

1. Multiple Choice Questions (Câu hỏi trắc nghiệm)

1. D (Industrialization)
2. B (Acting as carbon sinks)
3. B (Tropical rainforests)
4. B (They release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere)
5. C (Disruption of transpiration processes)
6. B (Compensating countries for preserving forests)
7. B (Selective logging)
8. B (Loss of cultural heritage)
9. B (By removing tree roots that hold the soil together)
10. B (The Paris Agreement)

2. True/False/Not Given (Xác định đúng, sai hoặc không được đề cập)

11. True
12. Not Given
13. False
14. False
15. False

3. Yes/No/Not Given (Xác định quan điểm của tác giả)

16. No
17. No
18. Yes
19. No
20. No

4. Matching Information (Nối thông tin)

21. C (Paragraph 3)
22. D (Paragraph 5)
23. B (Paragraph 3)
24. A (Paragraph 1)
25. B (Paragraph 4)

5. Matching Headings (Nối tiêu đề với đoạn văn)

26. A (Paragraph 1)
27. B (Paragraph 2)
28. C (Paragraph 3)
29. D (Paragraph 5)
30. B (Paragraph 3)

6. Matching Sentence Endings (Nối phần kết câu)

31. B (releasing water vapor into the atmosphere)
32. A (they are home to many species that cannot be found elsewhere)
33. C (severe soil degradation and erosion)
34. C (encourage countries to conserve their forests)
35. C (reduced rainfall and more frequent floods)

7. Sentence Completion (Hoàn thành câu)

36. storing carbon dioxide in their biomass.
37. lead to an imbalance in the population of species.
38. food, shelter, and cultural significance.
39. countries that actively protect their forests.
40. increased soil erosion and loss of biodiversity.

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