Lý Thuyết về Reported Speech
Các quy tắc chuyển đổi
Đại từ
- Chủ ngữ và tân ngữ: Thay đổi theo ngữ cảnh của câu tường thuật.
- Ví dụ: “I am happy,” she said. → She said (that) she was happy.
Thời gian
- Đổi thời gian trong câu tường thuật:
- Hiện tại đơn → Quá khứ đơn: “I like apples,” he said. → He said (that) he liked apples.
- Hiện tại tiếp diễn → Quá khứ tiếp diễn: “I am eating,” she said. → She said (that) she was eating.
- Hiện tại hoàn thành → Quá khứ hoàn thành: “I have seen this movie,” he said. → He said (that) he had seen that movie.
- Quá khứ đơn → Quá khứ hoàn thành: “I saw her,” he said. → He said (that) he had seen her.
- Quá khứ tiếp diễn → Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn: “I was reading,” she said. → She said (that) she had been reading.
- Tương lai đơn → Tương lai trong quá khứ: “I will go,” he said. → He said (that) he would go.
Các từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn
- now → then
- today → that day
- yesterday → the day before
- tomorrow → the next/following day
- here → there
- this → that
- these → those
Các loại câu tường thuật
Statements (Câu trần thuật)
- Cấu trúc: S + said (that) + S + V (lùi thì)
- Ví dụ: “I am tired,” she said. → She said (that) she was tired.
- “I am hungry,” he said. → He said (that) he was hungry.
- “They are coming,” she said. → She said (that) they were coming.
- “I don’t know,” John said. → John said (that) he didn’t know.
- “She is very kind,” they said. → They said (that) she was very kind.
- “We are tired,” the kids said. → The kids said (that) they were tired.
- “I will help you,” she said. → She said (that) she would help me.
- “I can’t find my keys,” he said. → He said (that) he couldn’t find his keys.
- “They have already left,” she said. → She said (that) they had already left.
- “I am doing my homework,” the boy said. → The boy said (that) he was doing his homework.
- “We are going to the park,” they said. → They said (that) they were going to the park.
- “I have finished the project,” he said. → He said (that) he had finished the project.
- “She doesn’t like coffee,” Mary said. → Mary said (that) she didn’t like coffee.
- “I can speak French,” he said. → He said (that) he could speak French.
- “We are watching a movie,” they said. → They said (that) they were watching a movie.
- “She is reading a book,” he said. → He said (that) she was reading a book.
- “I will call you tomorrow,” she said. → She said (that) she would call me tomorrow.
- “They have seen the movie,” he said. → He said (that) they had seen the movie.
- “I was at the party last night,” John said. → John said (that) he had been at the party last night.
- “We are meeting at 8 PM,” she said. → She said (that) they were meeting at 8 PM.
- “He will be there,” she said. → She said (that) he would be there.
- “I haven’t finished yet,” he said. → He said (that) he hadn’t finished yet.
- “She was very tired,” they said. → They said (that) she had been very tired.
- “I can drive,” she said. → She said (that) she could drive.
- “We are planning a trip,” he said. → He said (that) they were planning a trip.
- “They have gone home,” she said. → She said (that) they had gone home.
- “I don’t understand,” she said. → She said (that) she didn’t understand.
- “He was cooking dinner,” John said. → John said (that) he had been cooking dinner.
- “We are leaving now,” they said. → They said (that) they were leaving now.
- “She can sing very well,” he said. → He said (that) she could sing very well.
- “I have lost my wallet,” he said. → He said (that) he had lost his wallet.
- “They were waiting for you,” she said. → She said (that) they had been waiting for me.
- “I will meet you later,” he said. → He said (that) he would meet me later.
- “She has never been to Paris,” they said. → They said (that) she had never been to Paris.
- “We are having dinner,” she said. → She said (that) they were having dinner.
- “I need a break,” he said. → He said (that) he needed a break.
- “They were playing football,” she said. → She said (that) they had been playing football.
- “I will give you the book,” he said. → He said (that) he would give me the book.
- “She had already left,” they said. → They said (that) she had already left.
- “I am learning Spanish,” she said. → She said (that) she was learning Spanish.
- “We will visit you soon,” they said. → They said (that) they would visit me soon.
- “I can finish the task,” he said. → He said (that) he could finish the task.
- “She had lost her keys,” they said. → They said (that) she had lost her keys.
- “I am feeling sick,” she said. → She said (that) she was feeling sick.
- “They are moving to New York,” he said. → He said (that) they were moving to New York.
- “I will talk to him,” she said. → She said (that) she would talk to him.
- “We have been waiting for hours,” they said. → They said (that) they had been waiting for hours.
- “She is studying for the exam,” he said. → He said (that) she was studying for the exam.
- “I need to call my parents,” she said. → She said (that) she needed to call her parents.
- “They were traveling last week,” he said. → He said (that) they had been traveling last week.
- “I will send you the details,” she said. → She said (that) she would send me the details.
- “He has already eaten,” they said. → They said (that) he had already eaten.
- “We are thinking about it,” he said. → He said (that) they were thinking about it.
- “I had forgotten the address,” she said. → She said (that) she had forgotten the address.
- “They will arrive tomorrow,” he said. → He said (that) they would arrive tomorrow.
- “She is cooking dinner,” they said. → They said (that) she was cooking dinner.
- “I have never seen that movie,” she said. → She said (that) she had never seen that movie.
- “We are going shopping,” he said. → He said (that) they were going shopping.
- “He can fix the car,” she said. → She said (that) he could fix the car.
- “They have been here before,” he said. → He said (that) they had been here before.
- “I am waiting for the bus,” she said. → She said (that) she was waiting for the bus.
- “We will finish it soon,” they said. → They said (that) they would finish it soon.
- “She had been crying,” he said. → He said (that) she had been crying.
- “I am going to bed,” she said. → She said (that) she was going to bed.
- “They are fixing the roof,” he said. → He said (that) they were fixing the roof.
- “I will attend the meeting,” she said. → She said (that) she would attend the meeting.
- “We have completed the project,” they said. → They said (that) they had completed the project.
- “She is talking to her boss,” he said. → He said (that) she was talking to her boss.
- “I need more time,” she said. → She said (that) she needed more time.
- “They had been working all day,” he said. → He said (that) they had been working all day.
- “I will tell him the news,” she said. → She said (that) she would tell him the news.
- “He has forgotten his wallet,” they said. → They said (that) he had forgotten his wallet.
- “We are going to the cinema,” he said. → He said (that) they were going to the cinema.
- “I can explain everything,” she said. → She said (that) she could explain everything.
- “They have arrived,” he said. → He said (that) they had arrived.
- “I am working on a new project,” she said. → She said (that) she was working on a new project.
- “We will call you later,” they said. → They said (that) they would call me later.
- “She had finished her homework,” he said. → He said (that) she had finished her homework.
- “I am not feeling well,” she said. → She said (that) she was not feeling well.
- “They are staying at a hotel,” he said. → He said (that) they were staying at a hotel.
- “I will give you a ride,” she said. → She said (that) she would give me a ride.
- “He has already left the office,” they said. → They said (that) he had already left the office.
- “We are waiting for the results,” he said. → He said (that) they were waiting for the results.
- “She had gone to the store,” they said. → They said (that) she had gone to the store.
- “I am looking for my glasses,” she said. → She said (that) she was looking for her glasses.
- “They will be back soon,” he said. → He said (that) they would be back soon.
- “I have never been to London,” she said. → She said (that) she had never been to London.
- “We are planning a surprise,” they said. → They said (that) they were planning a surprise.
- “He can play the piano,” she said. → She said (that) he could play the piano.
- “I had forgotten about the meeting,” he said. → He said (that) he had forgotten about the meeting.
- “She is working late tonight,” they said. → They said (that) she was working late tonight.
- “We will go hiking tomorrow,” he said. → He said (that) they would go hiking tomorrow.
- “I am feeling better now,” she said. → She said (that) she was feeling better now.
- “They are arriving in the morning,” he said. → He said (that) they were arriving in the morning.
- “I will clean the house,” she said. → She said (that) she would clean the house.
- “He has finished his assignment,” they said. → They said (that) he had finished his assignment.
- “We are taking a break,” he said. → He said (that) they were taking a break.
- “She had already gone to bed,” they said. → They said (that) she had already gone to bed.
- “I am learning how to swim,” she said. → She said (that) she was learning how to swim.
- “They will attend the event,” he said. → He said (that) they would attend the event.
- “I have lost my phone,” she said. → She said (that) she had lost her phone.
Questions (Câu hỏi)
- Yes/No questions: S + asked (if/whether) + S + V (lùi thì)
- Ví dụ: “Do you like music?” he asked. → He asked if I liked music.
- Wh- questions: S + asked + Wh- + S + V (lùi thì)
- Ví dụ: “Where do you live?” she asked. → She asked where I lived.
Commands (Mệnh lệnh)
- Positive commands: S + told + O + to + V
- Ví dụ: “Close the door,” he said. → He told me to close the door.
- Negative commands: S + told + O + not to + V
- Ví dụ: “Don’t touch it,” she said. → She told me not to touch it.
Bài Tập Luyện Tập
Gap Filling Exercises
- “I am watching TV,” he said. → He said (that) he ____ watching TV.
- “She will come tomorrow,” he said. → He said (that) she ____ come the next day.
- “We went to the cinema,” she said. → She said (that) they ____ to the cinema.
- “I have finished my homework,” John said. → John said (that) he ____ finished his homework.
- “Are you coming with us?” they asked. → They asked if I ____ coming with them.
- “What is your name?” she asked. → She asked what ____ name was.
- “Don’t open the door,” he said. → He told me ____ open the door.
- “Why did you do that?” she asked. → She asked why I ____ done that.
- “I can speak English,” she said. → She said (that) she ____ speak English.
- “He is reading a book,” she said. → She said (that) he ____ reading a book.
- “We are going shopping,” they said. → They said (that) they ____ going shopping.
- “I need your help,” she said. → She said (that) she ____ my help.
- “He was very tired,” she said. → She said (that) he ____ very tired.
- “Will you visit us?” they asked. → They asked if I ____ visit them.
- “She has never been there,” he said. → He said (that) she ____ never been there.
- “Where do you live?” he asked. → He asked where I ____.
- “Do not be late,” he said. → He told me ____ be late.
- “Why are you crying?” she asked. → She asked why I ____ crying.
- “I must go now,” he said. → He said (that) he ____ go then.
- “They were playing football,” he said. → He said (that) they ____ playing football.
- “Are you tired?” he asked. → He asked if I ____ tired.
- “What did she say?” he asked. → He asked what she ____.
- “Don’t touch that,” he said. → He told me ____ touch that.
- “Why haven’t you called me?” she asked. → She asked why I ____ called her.
- “I will see you soon,” she said. → She said (that) she ____ see me soon.
- “He is cooking dinner,” she said. → She said (that) he ____ cooking dinner.
- “We can meet tomorrow,” they said. → They said (that) they ____ meet the next day.
- “She was sleeping,” he said. → He said (that) she ____ sleeping.
- “Are you happy?” she asked. → She asked if I ____ happy.
- “When will you arrive?” he asked. → He asked when I ____ arrive.
- “Don’t make noise,” she said. → She told us ____ make noise.
- “Why are you late?” he asked. → He asked why I ____ late.
- “I have to leave early,” she said. → She said (that) she ____ to leave early.
- “They were not at home,” he said. → He said (that) they ____ not at home.
- “Do you understand?” she asked. → She asked if I ____ understand.
- “What are you doing?” he asked. → He asked what I ____ doing.
- “Don’t forget to call me,” she said. → She told me ____ forget to call her.
- “Why did you leave?” he asked. → He asked why I ____ left.
- “I will finish it later,” she said. → She said (that) she ____ finish it later.
- “He is not feeling well,” she said. → She said (that) he ____ not feeling well.
- “Are they coming?” he asked. → He asked if they ____ coming.
- “What have you done?” she asked. → She asked what I ____ done.
- “Don’t go outside,” he said. → He told us ____ go outside.
- “Why were you absent?” she asked. → She asked why I ____ absent.
- “I will call you,” he said. → He said (that) he ____ call me.
- “She is working now,” he said. → He said (that) she ____ working then.
- “Can you help me?” she asked. → She asked if I ____ help her.
- “Where have you been?” he asked. → He asked where I ____ been.
- “Don’t tell anyone,” she said. → She told me ____ tell anyone.
- “Why did you cry?” he asked. → He asked why I ____ cried.
- “I will be there soon,” she said. → She said (that) she ____ be there soon.
- “He was here yesterday,” she said. → She said (that) he ____ there the day before.
- “Are you busy?” he asked. → He asked if I ____ busy.
- “What are you thinking about?” she asked. → She asked what I ____ thinking about.
- “Don’t lose your keys,” he said. → He told me ____ lose my keys.
- “Why haven’t you finished?” she asked. → She asked why I ____ finished.
- “I will tell you later,” he said. → He said (that) he ____ tell me later.
- “She is going to the market,” he said. → He said (that) she ____ going to the market.
- “Can they come?” she asked. → She asked if they ____ come.
- “Where are you going?” he asked. → He asked where I ____ going.
- “Don’t be angry,” she said. → She told me ____ be angry.
- “Why are you shouting?” he asked. → He asked why I ____ shouting.
- “I must stay here,” she said. → She said (that) she ____ stay there.
- “They were at the party,” he said. → He said (that) they ____ at the party.
- “Do you know the answer?” she asked. → She asked if I ____ the answer.
- “What will you do?” he asked. → He asked what I ____ do.
- “Don’t wait for me,” she said. → She told me ____ wait for her.
- “Why are you laughing?” he asked. → He asked why I ____ laughing.
- “I will pay you back,” she said. → She said (that) she ____ pay me back.
- “He is not at home,” she said. → She said (that) he ____ not at home.
- “Can you hear me?” he asked. → He asked if I ____ hear him.
- “Where did you buy this?” she asked. → She asked where I ____ bought that.
- “Don’t drink that,” he said. → He told me ____ drink that.
- “Why did you call me?” she asked. → She asked why I ____ called her.
- “I will fix it,” he said. → He said (that) he ____ fix it.
- “She is my friend,” he said. → He said (that) she ____ his friend.
- “Can you see them?” she asked. → She asked if I ____ see them.
- “Where were you?” he asked. → He asked where I ____.
- “Don’t waste your time,” she said. → She told me ____ waste my time.
- “Why haven’t you replied?” he asked. → He asked why I ____ replied.
- “I will bring it tomorrow,” she said. → She said (that) she ____ bring it the next day.
- “He was in the garden,” she said. → She said (that) he ____ in the garden.
- “Are you coming tomorrow?” he asked. → He asked if I ____ coming the next day.
- “What did you find?” she asked. → She asked what I ____ found.
- “Don’t move,” he said. → He told me ____ move.
- “Why are you here?” she asked. → She asked why I ____ there.
- “I will be there at 6,” he said. → He said (that) he ____ be there at 6.
- “She is on the phone,” he said. → He said (that) she ____ on the phone.
- “Can you meet me?” she asked. → She asked if I ____ meet her.
- “Where did you put it?” he asked. → He asked where I ____ put it.
- “Don’t forget your bag,” she said. → She told me ____ forget my bag.
- “Why are you silent?” he asked. → He asked why I ____ silent.
- “I will write to you,” she said. → She said (that) she ____ write to me.
- “He was not there,” she said. → She said (that) he ____ not there.
- “Are you free now?” he asked. → He asked if I ____ free then.
- “What did you do last night?” she asked. → She asked what I ____ done the night before.
- “Don’t go without me,” he said. → He told me ____ go without him.
- “Why haven’t you told him?” she asked. → She asked why I ____ told him.
- “I will always love you,” he said. → He said (that) he ____ always love me.
- “She is not working,” he said. → He said (that) she ____ not working.
Đáp án Reported Speech
- He said (that) he was watching TV.
- He said (that) she would come the next day.
- She said (that) they had gone to the cinema.
- John said (that) he had finished his homework.
- They asked if I was coming with them.
- She asked what my name was.
- He told me not to open the door.
- She asked why I had done that.
- She said (that) she could speak English.
- She said (that) he was reading a book.
- They said (that) they were going shopping.
- She said (that) she needed my help.
- She said (that) he had been very tired.
- They asked if I would visit them.
- He said (that) she had never been there.
- He asked where I lived.
- He told me not to be late.
- She asked why I was crying.
- He said (that) he had to go then.
- He said (that) they had been playing football.
- He asked if I was tired.
- He asked what she had said.
- He told me not to touch that.
- She asked why I hadn’t called her.
- She said (that) she would see me soon.
- She said (that) he was cooking dinner.
- They said (that) they could meet the next day.
- He said (that) she had been sleeping.
- She asked if I was happy.
- He asked when I would arrive.
- She told us not to make noise.
- He asked why I was late.
- She said (that) she had to leave early.
- He said (that) they had been not at home.
- She asked if I knew the answer.
- He asked what I was doing.
- She told me not to forget to call her.
- He asked why I had left.
- She said (that) she would finish it later.
- She said (that) he was not feeling well.
- He asked if they were coming.
- She asked what I had done.
- He told us not to go outside.
- She asked why I had been absent.
- He said (that) he would call me.
- He said (that) she was working then.
- She asked if I could help her.
- He asked where I had been.
- She told me not to tell anyone.
- He asked why I had cried.
- She said (that) she would be there soon.
- She said (that) he had been there the day before.
- He asked if I was busy.
- She asked what I was thinking about.
- He told me not to lose my keys.
- She asked why I hadn’t finished.
- He said (that) he would tell me later.
- He said (that) she was going to the market.
- She asked if they could come.
- He asked where I was going.
- She told me not to be angry.
- He asked why I was shouting.
- She said (that) she had to stay there.
- He said (that) they had been at the party.
- She asked if I knew the answer.
- He asked what I would do.
- She told me not to wait for her.
- He asked why I was laughing.
- She said (that) she would pay me back.
- She said (that) he was not at home.
- He asked if I could hear him.
- She asked where I had bought that.
- He told me not to drink that.
- She asked why I had called her.
- He said (that) he would fix it.
- He said (that) she was his friend.
- She asked if I could see them.
- He asked where I had been.
- She told me not to waste my time.
- He asked why I hadn’t replied.
- She said (that) she would bring it the next day.
- She said (that) he had been in the garden.
- He asked if I was coming the next day.
- She asked what I had found.
- He told me not to move.
- She asked why I was there.
- He said (that) he would be there at 6.
- He said (that) she was on the phone.
- She asked if I could meet her.
- He asked where I had put it.
- She told me not to forget my bag.
- He asked why I was silent.
- She said (that) she would write to me.
- She said (that) he was not there.
- He asked if I was free then.
- She asked what I had done the night before.
- He told me not to go without him.
- She asked why I hadn’t told him.
- He said (that) he would always love me.
- He said (that) she was not working.
Học lại bài cũ: Lý thuyết về Expressing Purpose và 100 bài tập.
