IELTS Reading 5: Rainforests and Biodiversity

IELTS Reading 5: Rainforests and Biodiversity là chủ đề thuộc chuỗi bài luyện tập 11 dạng bài IELTS Reading và các bài tập luyện tập.

Học lại bài cũ: IELTS Reading 4: Reducing Air and Water Pollution.

IELTS Reading: Rainforests and Biodiversity

Rainforests are often referred to as the Earth’s lungs, playing a vital role in regulating the global climate by absorbing carbon dioxide and producing oxygen. They are one of the most biologically diverse ecosystems on the planet, home to more than half of the world’s plant and animal species despite covering only about 6% of the Earth’s surface. These ecosystems are crucial not only for the organisms that inhabit them but also for human life, as they provide valuable resources such as medicinal plants, timber, and food.

The biodiversity found in rainforests is extraordinary. For instance, the Amazon Rainforest alone hosts an estimated 390 billion individual trees, representing 16,000 different species. In terms of animal life, rainforests are home to a vast array of creatures, ranging from tiny insects to large mammals like jaguars and orangutans. This wealth of biodiversity is essential for maintaining the ecological balance of the planet, as each species plays a role in the complex web of life.

Unfortunately, rainforests are under threat from human activities such as deforestation, agriculture, and mining. The loss of forest cover not only destroys habitats but also contributes to climate change by releasing stored carbon into the atmosphere. In addition, the destruction of rainforests leads to the loss of countless species that may hold the key to medical breakthroughs or other important discoveries. The rate at which rainforests are being destroyed is alarming, with experts estimating that an area of rainforest the size of a football field is lost every second.

Conservation efforts are underway to protect these vital ecosystems. International organizations, governments, and local communities are working together to create protected areas, promote sustainable land use, and restore degraded forests. Some initiatives focus on encouraging responsible consumption of products such as palm oil and timber, which are often linked to deforestation. Additionally, reforestation projects are being implemented to restore damaged areas and bring back native species of trees and plants.

In conclusion, rainforests are invaluable to both the natural world and humanity. Their biodiversity supports the health of the planet, and their preservation is crucial for future generations. It is essential that efforts to conserve these ecosystems continue, as the loss of rainforests would have devastating consequences for the Earth’s climate, wildlife, and human populations.

Question

1. Multiple Choice (Chọn đáp án đúng)

Which of the following statements is true about the biodiversity of rainforests? A. Rainforests cover more than half of the Earth’s surface.
B. More than half of the world’s species live in rainforests.
C. Rainforests are primarily found in colder climates.
D. Rainforests do not contribute to the regulation of the global climate.

2. True/False/Not Given (Đúng/Sai/Không có thông tin)

• Rainforests absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.
• The Amazon Rainforest has more animal species than plant species.
• The destruction of rainforests has no effect on global climate change.

3. Yes/No/Not Given (Có/Không/Không có thông tin)

• Rainforests are essential for medical research due to their biodiversity.
• All rainforest conservation efforts are initiated by local communities.
• Reforestation is the only method used to protect rainforests.

4. Matching Information (Ghép thông tin)

Match the following pieces of information with the correct paragraphs (A-D):

1. Conservation projects focus on sustainable land use.
2. Rainforests are home to a vast array of animal species.
3. The role of rainforests in regulating the global climate.
4. The rate at which rainforests are being destroyed.

5. Matching Headings (Ghép tiêu đề)

Choose the correct heading for each paragraph:

1. The importance of rainforests for the Earth’s climate.
2. The extraordinary biodiversity found in rainforests.
3. Human activities threatening the survival of rainforests.
4. Efforts to preserve rainforests.

6. Matching Sentence Endings (Ghép kết thúc câu)

Complete the following sentences by matching the beginnings with the correct endings:

1. Rainforests are essential for…
2. Human activities such as agriculture…
3. Reforestation helps to…

A. restore degraded areas.
B. providing oxygen and absorbing carbon dioxide.
C. contribute to deforestation and habitat loss.

7. Sentence Completion (Hoàn thành câu)

Complete the sentences with no more than two words:

1. Rainforests are known as the Earth’s _______.
2. Over _______ percent of the Earth’s surface is covered by rainforests.
3. Many species in rainforests may hold potential for _______ breakthroughs.

8. Summary Completion (Hoàn thành bản tóm tắt)

Complete the summary using words from the text: Rainforests play a crucial role in regulating the global _______ by absorbing _______ dioxide and producing oxygen. Despite covering only _______ percent of the Earth’s surface, they are home to over half of the world’s species. Unfortunately, rainforests are under threat due to human activities such as _______ and mining.

9. Diagram Label Completion (Hoàn thành nhãn sơ đồ)

Label the following diagram based on the description in the text (imagine a diagram showing the rainforest ecosystem):

1. Tree canopy.
2. Soil.
3. Animal habitats.
4. Carbon dioxide absorption process.

10. Short Answer Questions (Câu hỏi trả lời ngắn)

Answer the following questions in no more than three words:

1. What percentage of the Earth’s surface do rainforests cover?
2. What is the size of the rainforest area lost every second?
3. Which rainforest contains an estimated 390 billion trees?

11. Table/Flowchart/Note Completion (Hoàn thành bảng/sơ đồ dòng/chú thích)

Complete the following flowchart showing the process of deforestation and its consequences:

1. Human activities → 2. _______ → 3. Release of _______ → 4. Contribution to _______ change → 5. Loss of biodiversity and habitat destruction.

Answers

1. Multiple Choice (Chọn đáp án đúng)

B. More than half of the world’s species live in rainforests.
(Lý do: Đây là thông tin chính xác trong bài, đề cập đến việc rừng nhiệt đới chứa hơn một nửa các loài sinh vật trên thế giới.)

2. True/False/Not Given (Đúng/Sai/Không có thông tin)

• True – Rainforests absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.
• Not Given – The Amazon Rainforest has more animal species than plant species.
• False – The destruction of rainforests has no effect on global climate change.

3. Yes/No/Not Given (Có/Không/Không có thông tin)

• Yes – Rainforests are essential for medical research due to their biodiversity.
• No – All rainforest conservation efforts are initiated by local communities.
• No – Reforestation is the only method used to protect rainforests.

4. Matching Information (Ghép thông tin)

1. D – Conservation projects focus on sustainable land use.
2. B – Rainforests are home to a vast array of animal species.
3. A – The role of rainforests in regulating the global climate.
4. C – The rate at which rainforests are being destroyed.

5. Matching Headings (Ghép tiêu đề)

1. A – The importance of rainforests for the Earth’s climate.
2. B – The extraordinary biodiversity found in rainforests.
3. C – Human activities threatening the survival of rainforests.
4. D – Efforts to preserve rainforests.

6. Matching Sentence Endings (Ghép kết thúc câu)

1. B – Rainforests are essential for providing oxygen and absorbing carbon dioxide.
2. C – Human activities such as agriculture contribute to deforestation and habitat loss.
3. A – Reforestation helps to restore degraded areas.

7. Sentence Completion (Hoàn thành câu)

1. Rainforests are known as the Earth’s lungs.
2. Over 6 percent of the Earth’s surface is covered by rainforests.
3. Many species in rainforests may hold potential for medical breakthroughs.

8. Summary Completion (Hoàn thành bản tóm tắt)

Rainforests play a crucial role in regulating the global climate by absorbing carbon dioxide and producing oxygen. Despite covering only 6 percent of the Earth’s surface, they are home to over half of the world’s species. Unfortunately, rainforests are under threat due to human activities such as agriculture and mining.

9. Diagram Label Completion (Hoàn thành nhãn sơ đồ)

1. Tree canopy
2. Soil
3. Animal habitats
4. Carbon dioxide absorption process

10. Short Answer Questions (Câu hỏi trả lời ngắn)

1. 6 percent
2. Football field
3. Amazon Rainforest

11. Table/Flowchart/Note Completion (Hoàn thành bảng/sơ đồ dòng/chú thích)

1. Deforestation
2. Carbon
3. Climate