IELTS Reading 61: Globalization and the economy

IELTS Reading 61: Globalization and the economy là chủ đề thuộc chuỗi bài luyện tập 11 dạng bài IELTS Reading và các bài tập luyện tập.

Học lại bài cũ: IELTS Reading 60: The role of community in social development.

IELTS Reading:

Globalization has been a powerful force shaping the modern world. It refers to the increasing interconnectedness of countries through trade, investment, technology, and cultural exchange. The most visible impacts of globalization are observed in the economic domain, as businesses and individuals benefit from new opportunities and greater access to international markets. However, this integration is not without its controversies, particularly when it comes to economic disparity.

The most significant advantage of globalization is the way it boosts economic growth in both developed and developing nations. Developed countries often outsource manufacturing to nations with lower labor costs, which enables them to produce goods more efficiently and sell them at competitive prices. This arrangement can significantly benefit developing nations, as it creates jobs, enhances skills among local workers, and attracts foreign investment, which contributes to infrastructure development. Consequently, this has helped lift millions out of poverty, particularly in Asia and Latin America, where many countries have embraced open-market policies and encouraged foreign investment.

Despite these advantages, globalization has led to some adverse consequences. One primary concern is the widening income gap between rich and poor, both within and between countries. In many developing countries, while urban areas see economic growth and prosperity, rural regions often remain underdeveloped, leading to a divide in income and opportunity. Similarly, in developed countries, workers in low-skilled industries have faced job losses and stagnant wages as businesses relocate production overseas to cut costs. This has fueled criticism that globalization benefits only the wealthy, creating inequality that impacts social stability.

Another concern is the environmental impact of globalization. As industries expand, demand for raw materials increases, often leading to deforestation, pollution, and depletion of natural resources in developing countries. These regions, driven by the need for economic growth, sometimes sacrifice environmental regulations in favor of immediate profits, which can have long-term consequences on global ecological health.

In response to these challenges, organizations like the World Trade Organization and International Monetary Fund have advocated for policies that promote fair and sustainable trade practices. They argue that globalization should not only enhance economic growth but also ensure equitable distribution of its benefits. Moreover, by addressing labor standards and environmental protections, these institutions aim to create a more balanced system where economic gains do not come at the expense of human rights or the planet’s health.

In conclusion, globalization has profoundly transformed economies across the world, offering both unprecedented opportunities and significant challenges. While it has contributed to growth and poverty alleviation, it has also exposed economies to increased risks of inequality and environmental degradation. Achieving a balance between these opposing forces requires cooperation between nations and a commitment to policies that prioritize sustainability and social justice.

Questions

1. Multiple Choice (Chọn đáp án đúng)

1. What is one of the primary benefits of globalization for developing countries?
   • A. Lower labor costs
   • B. Job losses in rural areas
   • C. Improved environmental standards
   • D. Higher income levels for low-skilled workers
2. According to the passage, one of the main challenges of globalization is:
   • A. Enhanced foreign investment
   • B. Increased environmental regulations
   • C. Widening income inequality
   • D. Rapid technological advancements

2. True/False/Not Given (Đúng/Sai/Không có thông tin)

1. Globalization has helped reduce poverty in developing countries.
2. All developed countries benefit equally from globalization.
3. Environmental degradation is a significant issue associated with globalization.

3. Yes/No/Not Given (Có/Không/Không có thông tin)

1. Organizations like the World Trade Organization are working to promote fair trade.
2. The author believes globalization only benefits developed countries.
3. Globalization has no positive impact on low-income regions.

4. Matching Information (Ghép thông tin)

Match each statement with the correct paragraph (A, B, C, D, etc.).

1. Describes how globalization can harm the environment.
2. Discusses the role of international organizations in managing globalization’s effects.
3. Explains how outsourcing benefits developed countries.

5. Matching Headings (Ghép tiêu đề)

Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.

1. Advantages of Globalization for Economic Growth
2. Environmental Consequences of Global Trade
3. Role of International Organizations in Ensuring Fair Trade
4. Challenges for Workers in Developed Nations

6. Matching Sentence Endings (Ghép kết thúc câu)

Complete each sentence by choosing the correct ending from the options.

1. Globalization allows developed countries to…
   • i. benefit from lower labor costs.
   • ii. increase regulations on environmental impact.
   • iii. reduce their international trade activities.
2. The World Trade Organization advocates for…
   • i. enhanced economic disparity between countries.
   • ii. fair and sustainable trade practices.
   • iii. eliminating environmental protections.

7. Sentence Completion (Hoàn thành câu)

Complete the sentences below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage.

1. Many developing countries benefit from globalization through increased _________ and _________.
2. In developed countries, workers in _________ industries often experience job losses.

8. Summary Completion (Hoàn thành bản tóm tắt)

Complete the summary using words from the text.

Globalization has significantly impacted the economy by promoting trade and investment between countries. In developing nations, it has led to job creation and _________, though it has also contributed to environmental issues. Meanwhile, organizations like the _________ aim to ensure that globalization remains fair and _________.

9. Diagram Label Completion (Hoàn thành nhãn sơ đồ)

Complete the labels on the diagram below.

1. Impact of globalization on _________ industries in developed countries.
2. Key international organizations addressing _________ in globalization.

10. Short Answer Questions (Câu hỏi trả lời ngắn)

Answer the following questions using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.

1. What is one main advantage of globalization for businesses in developed countries?
2. Which regions have experienced poverty reduction due to globalization?
3. Which organization advocates for sustainable trade?

11. Table/Flowchart/Note Completion (Hoàn thành bảng/sơ đồ dòng/chú thích)

Complete the table below using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text.

Đáp án

1. Multiple Choice (Chọn đáp án đúng)

1. A. Lower labor costs
2. C. Widening income inequality

2. True/False/Not Given (Đúng/Sai/Không có thông tin)

1. True
2. Not Given
3. True

3. Yes/No/Not Given (Có/Không/Không có thông tin)

1. Yes
2. No
3. No

4. Matching Information (Ghép thông tin)

1. Paragraph C
2. Paragraph D
3. Paragraph B

5. Matching Headings (Ghép tiêu đề)

1. Paragraph B: Advantages of Globalization for Economic Growth
2. Paragraph C: Environmental Consequences of Global Trade
3. Paragraph D: Role of International Organizations in Ensuring Fair Trade
4. Paragraph C: Challenges for Workers in Developed Nations

6. Matching Sentence Endings (Ghép kết thúc câu)

1. i. benefit from lower labor costs
2. ii. fair and sustainable trade practices

7. Sentence Completion (Hoàn thành câu)

1. increased investment and jobs
2. low-skilled industries

8. Summary Completion (Hoàn thành bản tóm tắt)

1. job creation
2. World Trade Organization
3. sustainable

9. Diagram Label Completion (Hoàn thành nhãn sơ đồ)

1. low-skilled industries in developed countries
2. addressing fairness in globalization

10. Short Answer Questions (Câu hỏi trả lời ngắn)

1. Lower labor costs
2. Asia and Latin America
3. World Trade Organization

11. Table/Flowchart/Note Completion (Hoàn thành bảng/sơ đồ dòng/chú thích)