“Break down” và “break up”: cách sử dụng và bài tập.

Trong tiếng Anh, “break down” và “break up” là hai cụm động từ (phrasal verbs) có nghĩa và cách sử dụng khác nhau. Dưới đây là sự khác biệt giữa chúng:

Lý thuyết sử dụng

Break Down

1. To stop functioning (ngừng hoạt động)
   • This usage often refers to machines or systems.
   • Ví dụ: My car broke down on the way to work.
2. To become emotionally upset (trở nên xúc động, suy sụp tinh thần)
   • This usually refers to people becoming overwhelmed by emotions.
   • Ví dụ: She broke down in tears when she heard the news.
3. To divide into parts (chia nhỏ ra thành phần)
   • This can refer to analyzing something by dividing it into smaller parts.
   • Ví dụ: Let’s break down the project into smaller tasks.
4. To fail or collapse (thất bại hoặc sụp đổ)
   • This often refers to negotiations or plans failing.
   • Ví dụ: The negotiations broke down due to lack of agreement.

Break Up

1. To end a relationship (kết thúc mối quan hệ)
   • This is commonly used to describe the end of romantic relationships.
   • Ví dụ: They decided to break up after three years together.
2. To separate into smaller pieces (tách ra thành những phần nhỏ hơn)
   • This can refer to breaking something into smaller parts physically.
   • Ví dụ: He broke up the chocolate bar into pieces to share.
3. To disperse a group (giải tán một nhóm)
   • This usage is common when talking about groups of people.
   • Ví dụ: The police broke up the crowd of protesters.
4. To cause laughter (làm ai đó cười)
   • This is a more informal usage.
   • Ví dụ: His joke really broke me up.

Bài tập dạng điền từ

Dưới đây là 100 câu luyện tập về cách sử dụng “break down” và “break up”. Mỗi câu có thể được hoàn thành bằng cách sử dụng một trong hai cụm động từ này, chia động từ thích hợp và thêm đúng giới từ nếu cần.

1. My computer __________ again, and I need to get it fixed.
2. After the long meeting, she __________ and started crying.
3. We decided to __________ the old equipment for parts.
4. Their marriage __________ last year, and now they live separately.
5. The car __________ on the way to the airport, causing us to miss our flight.
6. Let’s __________ the project into smaller, manageable parts.
7. They __________ after five years of dating.
8. The crowd __________ when the police arrived.
9. He __________ the problem into smaller, more understandable sections.
10. She __________ when she heard the tragic news.
11. The negotiations __________ due to disagreements.
12. The concrete wall __________ after the heavy rain.
13. We need to __________ the budget to see where we can save money.
14. They __________ their partnership after several disagreements.
15. The group __________ after the concert.
16. The machine __________ due to a technical fault.
17. Her mental health __________ under the constant stress.
18. The kids __________ the cookie into several pieces.
19. The old building finally __________ after years of neglect.
20. The friends __________ after their argument.
21. Can you __________ this complex equation for me?
22. The government __________ due to internal conflicts.
23. The toy __________ after being played with too roughly.
24. The band __________ after their final performance.
25. The system __________ under the heavy load.
26. She __________ when she saw her grades.
27. The bridge __________ during the earthquake.
28. The relationship __________ because of trust issues.
29. He __________ the task into smaller steps to make it easier.
30. The meeting __________ after a heated debate.
31. The engine __________ while we were driving.
32. The family __________ after the parents’ divorce.
33. The fence __________ in the storm.
34. He __________ when his pet passed away.
35. The partnership __________ due to financial issues.
36. The teacher had to __________ the students when they started fighting.
37. The car __________, leaving us stranded on the road.
38. The couple __________ after a long discussion.
39. The machine __________ and needs repairs.
40. The structure __________ after being hit by a truck.
41. The plan __________ because of unforeseen complications.
42. She __________ when she couldn’t find her keys.
43. The team __________ into smaller groups for the project.
44. The wall __________ under the pressure.
45. The relationship __________ because they grew apart.
46. The light bulb __________ and needs to be replaced.
47. The meeting __________ into smaller sessions.
48. The company __________ due to bankruptcy.
49. The car __________ right in the middle of the intersection.
50. The glass __________ when it was dropped.
51. The friends __________ after the misunderstanding.
52. The negotiations __________ over minor details.
53. He __________ the data into charts and graphs.
54. The old radio __________ and can’t be fixed.
55. The couple __________ after realizing their differences.
56. The machine __________ after years of use.
57. She __________ when she heard the sad story.
58. The structure __________ during the hurricane.
59. The event __________ into several smaller activities.
60. The partnership __________ over financial disputes.
61. The car __________ on our way to the countryside.
62. The vase __________ when it fell off the table.
63. The group __________ after the project ended.
64. The appliance __________ and needs a new part.
65. The friends __________ after the fight.
66. The system __________ under heavy usage.
67. The building __________ during the strong winds.
68. He __________ when he saw the heartbreaking scene.
69. The meeting __________ after a long discussion.
70. The plan __________ because of miscommunication.
71. The machine __________ and stopped working.
72. The couple __________ after a serious argument.
73. The toy __________ after being mishandled.
74. The friends __________ over a trivial matter.
75. The system __________ and needs an upgrade.
76. The chair __________ under his weight.
77. She __________ when she couldn’t solve the problem.
78. The structure __________ after the explosion.
79. The group __________ into different teams.
80. The partnership __________ due to conflicting interests.
81. The engine __________ on the way to the office.
82. The glass __________ when it was hit.
83. The band __________ after their last album.
84. The device __________ and requires maintenance.
85. The friends __________ after a long discussion.
86. The machine __________ during operation.
87. The wall __________ during the heavy rain.
88. The relationship __________ after many disagreements.
89. The system __________ into different modules.
90. The team __________ after completing the project.
91. The car __________ in the middle of nowhere.
92. The project __________ into several phases.
93. The negotiations __________ because of a minor issue.
94. The old TV __________ and won’t turn on.
95. The couple __________ because they had different goals.
96. The system __________ and crashed.
97. The bridge __________ during the flood.
98. She __________ when she couldn’t handle the stress.
99. The group __________ into smaller, more manageable parts.
100. The partnership __________ due to lack of communication.

Đáp Án Tham Khảo

1. broke down
2. broke down
3. break down
4. broke up
5. broke down
6. break down
7. broke up
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13. break down
14. broke up
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50. broke up
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95. broke up
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100. broke up

Học lại bài cũ: Bí quyết nhớ các phrasal verbs một cách hiệu quả.