IELTS Reading 22: The Role of Public Health

IELTS Reading 22: The Role of Public Health là chủ đề thuộc chuỗi bài luyện tập 11 dạng bài IELTS Reading và các bài tập luyện tập.

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IELTS Reading: The Role of Public Health

Public health plays a crucial role in maintaining the well-being of communities, preventing disease, and promoting healthy lifestyles. It encompasses a wide range of services, including health education, disease prevention, health policy, and research into the social determinants of health. Through its efforts, public health seeks to reduce health disparities and improve the quality of life for populations across the globe.

One of the key objectives of public health is disease prevention. This involves identifying potential threats to health, such as infectious diseases or environmental hazards, and implementing strategies to mitigate their impact. For example, vaccination campaigns have been instrumental in reducing the spread of diseases like polio and measles. In addition, public health professionals work to control outbreaks of new diseases, as seen with the global response to COVID-19.

Beyond controlling infectious diseases, public health also focuses on promoting healthy behaviors and lifestyles. Public health campaigns encourage individuals to adopt practices like eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, and practicing safe hygiene. These behaviors not only reduce the risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes, but also contribute to overall well-being.

The social determinants of health are another major focus of public health. Factors such as income, education, housing, and access to healthcare can all influence an individual’s health outcomes. Public health professionals work to address these issues by developing policies and programs that aim to reduce inequalities and ensure that all members of society have access to the resources they need to lead healthy lives.

Governments play an essential role in supporting public health initiatives. Policies and regulations at the local, national, and international levels help create environments where public health can thrive. For example, legislation requiring seatbelts or banning smoking in public places has contributed significantly to reducing injuries and improving population health. Furthermore, international organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), coordinate global efforts to combat health crises and improve public health standards worldwide.

In summary, public health is a critical field that influences the health and safety of populations globally. By focusing on disease prevention, health promotion, and addressing social determinants, public health professionals aim to create healthier communities. Government support, public policy, and international collaboration are all vital components of these efforts to improve health outcomes and promote equity.

Question

1. Multiple Choice

What is one of the main goals of public health?
A. Providing free healthcare to everyone
B. Treating chronic diseases
C. Preventing diseases and promoting healthy lifestyles
D. Reducing population growth

2. True/False/Not Given

• Public health primarily focuses on treating patients with chronic diseases.
• Vaccination campaigns have been successful in controlling diseases like polio and measles.
• Public health campaigns discourage the consumption of all types of alcohol.

3. Yes/No/Not Given

• Public health professionals believe that individual health behaviors have no effect on public health.
• Governments play a crucial role in the success of public health initiatives.
• It is easy to eliminate health disparities in all populations.

4. Matching Information

Match the following pieces of information to the correct paragraph (1-5):

• The role of governments in public health
• The impact of social factors on health
• Efforts to prevent infectious diseases

5. Matching Headings

Choose the correct heading for each paragraph:

• Paragraph 1:
  A. The Importance of Health Education
  B. An Overview of Public Health
  C. The Benefits of a Healthy Lifestyle
• Paragraph 3:
  A. Strategies to Control Chronic Diseases
  B. Promoting Healthy Behaviors and Habits
  C. The Role of International Organizations

6. Matching Sentence Endings

Complete the sentences by matching the beginnings to the correct endings.

• Public health professionals work to reduce health disparities by…
  A. developing new vaccines.
  B. improving the quality of life for all people.
  C. focusing on chronic disease treatment.
• Governments contribute to public health by…
  A. implementing policies to reduce environmental hazards.
  B. banning the use of tobacco and alcohol entirely.
  C. controlling the spread of new diseases.

7. Sentence Completion

Complete the following sentences with a word or phrase from the passage.

• Public health efforts aim to improve the ________ for populations around the world.
• Social determinants of health include factors such as income, education, and ________.

8. Summary Completion

Complete the summary below. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Public health focuses on preventing diseases and promoting healthier lifestyles. It includes efforts such as __________ campaigns to control infectious diseases and promoting behaviors like regular exercise. Public health also addresses __________ of health, which involve factors like income and education. Governments support these efforts by passing __________ that improve public health conditions.

9. Diagram Label Completion

Label the following diagram with words from the passage. The diagram shows the main aspects of public health.

1. ________ Prevention
2. ________ Behaviors
3. Addressing Social ________

10. Short Answer Questions

Answer the following questions using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.

• What organization helps coordinate global public health efforts?
• What has been successful in controlling diseases like measles?
• Which chronic diseases can be prevented by public health campaigns promoting a balanced diet and exercise?

11. Table Completion

Complete the table with information from the passage.

Answers

1. Multiple Choice

C. Preventing diseases and promoting healthy lifestyles

2. True/False/Not Given

• Public health primarily focuses on treating patients with chronic diseases. → False
• Vaccination campaigns have been successful in controlling diseases like polio and measles. → True
• Public health campaigns discourage the consumption of all types of alcohol. → Not Given

3. Yes/No/Not Given

• Public health professionals believe that individual health behaviors have no effect on public health. → No
• Governments play a crucial role in the success of public health initiatives. → Yes
• It is easy to eliminate health disparities in all populations. → No

4. Matching Information

• The role of governments in public health → Paragraph 5
• The impact of social factors on health → Paragraph 4
• Efforts to prevent infectious diseases → Paragraph 2

5. Matching Headings

• Paragraph 1: B. An Overview of Public Health
• Paragraph 3: B. Promoting Healthy Behaviors and Habits

6. Matching Sentence Endings

• Public health professionals work to reduce health disparities by…
  B. improving the quality of life for all people.
• Governments contribute to public health by…
  A. implementing policies to reduce environmental hazards.

7. Sentence Completion

• Public health efforts aim to improve the quality of life for populations around the world.
• Social determinants of health include factors such as income, education, and housing.

8. Summary Completion

Public health focuses on preventing diseases and promoting healthier lifestyles. It includes efforts such as vaccination campaigns to control infectious diseases and promoting behaviors like regular exercise. Public health also addresses social determinants of health, which involve factors like income and education. Governments support these efforts by passing policies that improve public health conditions.

9. Diagram Label Completion

1. Disease Prevention
2. Healthy Behaviors
3. Addressing Social Determinants

10. Short Answer Questions

• What organization helps coordinate global public health efforts? → World Health Organization
• What has been successful in controlling diseases like measles? → Vaccination campaigns
• Which chronic diseases can be prevented by public health campaigns promoting a balanced diet and exercise? → Heart disease and diabetes

11. Table Completion