Đề thi IELTS Reading có tiêu đề “The Impact of Immigration on National Economies”
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IELTS Reading “The Impact of Immigration on National Economies“
The Impact of Immigration on National Economies
Immigration has long been a subject of intense debate, often polarizing opinions about its impact on the economies of host countries. With globalization and increasing interconnectedness, the movement of people across borders has become more frequent and complex, raising pertinent questions about the economic consequences of these demographic shifts. This passage explores the multifaceted effects of immigration on national economies, focusing on labor markets, innovation, public finances, and long-term economic growth.
One of the most direct and immediate impacts of immigration is felt in the labor market. Immigrants often fill gaps in sectors where there is a shortage of local workers, such as agriculture, construction, and healthcare. By doing so, they help to alleviate bottlenecks that could stifle economic activity. Moreover, immigrants are not just low-skilled workers; many are highly skilled professionals who contribute significantly to industries such as technology, engineering, and medicine. These high-skilled immigrants bring with them expertise and knowledge that can lead to increased productivity, innovation, and competitiveness in global markets.
However, the influx of immigrants can also create challenges in the labor market. Critics argue that immigration can lead to wage suppression, particularly for low-skilled native workers who may find themselves competing for jobs with newcomers willing to accept lower wages. While this concern is valid in certain contexts, empirical evidence suggests that the overall impact on wages is relatively modest. Moreover, in many cases, the presence of immigrants has been found to complement rather than compete with the native workforce, thereby enhancing overall productivity.
Beyond the labor market, immigration has broader economic implications, particularly in the realm of innovation and entrepreneurship. Immigrants have historically been overrepresented among the ranks of entrepreneurs and inventors, contributing to technological advancements and the creation of new businesses. In the United States, for instance, immigrants have founded some of the most successful companies in the technology sector, such as Google, Tesla, and Intel. These companies have not only created millions of jobs but have also driven economic growth and innovation on a global scale.
Moreover, immigration can have a significant impact on public finances. Immigrants contribute to the economy through taxes and consumption, often paying more into the system than they take out in public services. This is particularly true for younger immigrants who are of working age and have fewer healthcare needs compared to older populations. As the native population in many developed countries ages, immigrants can help to balance the demographic scales, supporting pension systems and social services that would otherwise be strained by an increasingly elderly population.
On the other hand, there are concerns that immigration can strain public resources, particularly in countries with generous welfare systems. Critics argue that immigrants may disproportionately use public services such as healthcare, education, and housing, leading to increased government expenditure. However, studies have shown that the long-term fiscal impact of immigration is generally positive, with immigrants contributing more in taxes over their lifetimes than they receive in benefits.
In the long term, immigration can play a crucial role in sustaining economic growth, particularly in countries facing demographic decline. Many developed nations are experiencing falling birth rates and an aging population, leading to a shrinking labor force. Immigration can help to counteract these trends by bringing in younger workers who can drive economic activity and support the growing number of retirees. Moreover, a diverse workforce can stimulate innovation and creativity, leading to the development of new products, services, and industries that drive economic growth.
In conclusion, immigration has a complex and multifaceted impact on national economies. While there are challenges associated with integrating immigrants into the labor market and public services, the overall economic benefits are significant. Immigrants contribute to filling labor shortages, driving innovation, supporting public finances, and sustaining long-term economic growth. As countries continue to navigate the challenges and opportunities presented by immigration, it is essential to consider policies that maximize these benefits while addressing potential drawbacks. By doing so, nations can harness the full economic potential of immigration, fostering prosperity and development in an increasingly interconnected world.
Đề bài thi IELTS Reading
Multiple Choice (Câu hỏi trắc nghiệm)
- What is one of the most direct impacts of immigration on national economies?
- A. Increased innovation in agriculture
- B. Filling labor market gaps
- C. Decreased global competitiveness
- D. Rising unemployment rates
- Which of the following sectors often experience labor shortages filled by immigrants?
- A. Technology and engineering
- B. Agriculture and healthcare
- C. Banking and finance
- D. Education and research
- What is a concern critics have regarding immigration and labor markets?
- A. Immigration leads to economic stagnation
- B. Immigrants compete directly with high-skilled workers
- C. Immigration causes wage suppression for low-skilled workers
- D. Immigrants take more from public services than they contribute
- How does the passage describe the impact of immigrants on innovation?
- A. Immigrants hinder technological advancements
- B. Immigrants are generally not involved in entrepreneurship
- C. Immigrants contribute significantly to innovation
- D. Immigrants primarily focus on low-skill jobs
- Which company is NOT mentioned as being founded by immigrants in the passage?
- A. Google
- B. Microsoft
- C. Tesla
- D. Intel
- What is a long-term benefit of immigration mentioned in the passage?
- A. Increased pressure on public resources
- B. Support for pension systems and social services
- C. Decreased population growth
- D. Higher taxes for the native population
- What is the overall fiscal impact of immigration according to studies?
- A. Neutral
- B. Negative
- C. Positive
- D. Catastrophic
- How does immigration affect countries with aging populations?
- A. Immigration increases the number of retirees
- B. Immigration supports the labor force and economic growth
- C. Immigration reduces innovation in these countries
- D. Immigration strains social services
- What is the author’s stance on the economic benefits of immigration?
- A. Immigration has overall negative economic effects
- B. Immigration benefits only the host country’s elite
- C. Immigration has significant economic benefits
- D. Immigration’s economic impact is negligible
- What role do younger immigrants play in the economy according to the passage?
- A. They require extensive healthcare services
- B. They balance the demographic scales
- C. They primarily contribute to the education sector
- D. They mostly work in low-wage jobs
True/False/Not Given (Xác định đúng/sai hoặc không có thông tin)
- Immigrants are primarily low-skilled workers.
- True
- False
- Not Given
- Immigrants are more likely to be unemployed than native workers.
- True
- False
- Not Given
- Immigration always leads to wage suppression for native workers.
- True
- False
- Not Given
- Google, Tesla, and Intel were all founded by immigrants.
- True
- False
- Not Given
- The fiscal impact of immigration is often negative in the short term.
- True
- False
- Not Given
- The aging population in many developed countries can benefit from immigration.
- True
- False
- Not Given
- Immigrants contribute more in taxes over their lifetimes than they receive in benefits.
- True
- False
- Not Given
- Immigration can help sustain long-term economic growth in countries with low birth rates.
- True
- False
- Not Given
Yes/No/Not Given (Xác định đúng/sai hoặc không có thông tin về ý kiến)
- The author believes that immigration negatively affects national security.
- Yes
- No
- Not Given
- The passage suggests that countries should reduce immigration to protect native workers’ wages.
- Yes
- No
- Not Given
- The author believes that immigrants do not contribute to public finances.
- Yes
- No
- Not Given
- The author agrees that immigration has a positive impact on innovation.
- Yes
- No
- Not Given
Matching Information (Nối thông tin)
- Match the following information with the correct section of the passage:
- Filling labor market gaps
- Innovation and entrepreneurship
- Public finances and immigration
- Long-term economic growth
Sections:
- A. Paragraph 1
- B. Paragraph 2
- C. Paragraph 3
- D. Paragraph 4
Matching Headings (Nối tiêu đề với đoạn văn)
- Match the headings to the correct paragraphs:
- A. The Role of Immigrants in the Labor Market
- B. Fiscal Contributions of Immigrants
- C. The Impact on Innovation and Growth
- D. Challenges and Benefits of Immigration
Matching Features (Nối đặc điểm)
- Match the following companies with their immigrant founders:
- Tesla
- Intel
Founders:
- A. Sergey Brin
- B. Elon Musk
- C. Andrew Grove
- D. Larry Page
Matching Sentence Endings (Nối phần kết câu)
- Complete the sentences by matching the beginnings with the appropriate endings:
- Immigration can lead to wage suppression…
- High-skilled immigrants bring expertise…
- Immigrants contribute to public finances…
- Countries with aging populations benefit from immigration…
Endings:
- A. which increases productivity.
- B. by filling labor market gaps.
- C. but the overall impact is modest.
- D. through taxes and consumption.
Sentence Completion (Hoàn thành câu)
- Immigration often helps to _________ labor market gaps in sectors with shortages.
- High-skilled immigrants contribute to the economy by bringing __________ and knowledge.
- The overall fiscal impact of immigration is generally __________, according to studies.
- Younger immigrants help to support pension systems and _________ services in aging populations.
Summary Completion (Tóm tắt)
- Immigrants play a significant role in the __________ of national economies by filling labor shortages and contributing to innovation. Although there are concerns about __________ for native workers, studies indicate that the impact on wages is modest. Immigrants are also important in supporting __________ in countries with aging populations.
Note Completion (Hoàn thành ghi chú)
- Immigration Benefits:
- Fills labor market gaps
- Contributes to __________ and entrepreneurship
- Supports public __________ through taxes
Short Answer Questions (Câu hỏi trả lời ngắn)
- What are the two main sectors mentioned in the passage where immigrants fill labor shortages?
- Which company founded by an immigrant is associated with electric cars?
- What is the long-term benefit of immigration for countries with low birth rates?
- What is the impact of immigration on innovation according to the passage?
Diagram Label Completion (Hoàn thành nhãn của sơ đồ)
- Label the diagram below based on the information in the passage:
[Diagram: Economic Impact of Immigration]
- A: Filling labor market gaps
- B: Driving __________
- C: Supporting public finances
Matching Sentence Endings (Nối phần kết câu)
- Match the beginnings with the correct endings:
- Immigration has a positive fiscal impact…
- Younger immigrants support public services…
- Innovation is driven by…
Endings:
- A. by contributing more in taxes than they receive in benefits.
- B. in countries with aging populations.
- C. high-skilled immigrants in technology sectors.
True/False/Not Given (Xác định đúng/sai hoặc không có thông tin)
- Immigrants only compete with low-skilled native workers.
- True
- False
- Not Given
- The passage mentions that immigration helps balance demographic scales in developed countries.
- True
- False
- Not Given
Đáp án bài thi IELTS Reading
Multiple Choice (Câu hỏi trắc nghiệm)
- B
- B
- C
- C
- B
- B
- C
- B
- C
- B
True/False/Not Given (Xác định đúng/sai hoặc không có thông tin)
- False
- Not Given
- False
- True
- Not Given
- True
- True
- True
Yes/No/Not Given (Xác định đúng/sai hoặc không có thông tin về ý kiến)
- Not Given
- No
- No
- Yes
Matching Information (Nối thông tin)
- Filling labor market gaps: A
- Innovation and entrepreneurship: B
- Public finances and immigration: C
- Long-term economic growth: D
Matching Headings (Nối tiêu đề với đoạn văn)
- A. The Role of Immigrants in the Labor Market: Paragraph 1
- B. Fiscal Contributions of Immigrants: Paragraph 3
- C. The Impact on Innovation and Growth: Paragraph 2
- D. Challenges and Benefits of Immigration: Paragraph 4
Matching Features (Nối đặc điểm)
- Google: A
- Tesla: B
- Intel: C
Matching Sentence Endings (Nối phần kết câu)
- Immigration can lead to wage suppression…: C
- High-skilled immigrants bring expertise…: A
- Immigrants contribute to public finances…: D
- Countries with aging populations benefit from immigration…: B
Sentence Completion (Hoàn thành câu)
- fill
- expertise
- positive
- social
Summary Completion (Tóm tắt)
- growth; wage competition; pension systems
Note Completion (Hoàn thành ghi chú)
- innovation; finances
Short Answer Questions (Câu hỏi trả lời ngắn)
- Agriculture and healthcare
- Tesla
- Supporting public services and pension systems
- It contributes significantly to innovation
Diagram Label Completion (Hoàn thành nhãn của sơ đồ)
- A: Filling labor market gaps
- B: Driving innovation
- C: Supporting public finances
Matching Sentence Endings (Nối phần kết câu)
- Immigration has a positive fiscal impact…: A
- Younger immigrants support public services…: B
- Innovation is driven by…: C
True/False/Not Given (Xác định đúng/sai hoặc không có thông tin)
- False
- True
Luyện tập bài khác ở bài viết:”100 bài luyện IELTS Reading 2024 – 2025“
