Lý thuyết về Inversion (Đảo ngữ) và 100 câu bài tập

Inversion là hiện tượng đảo ngữ trong câu, tức là thay đổi trật tự thông thường của chủ ngữ và động từ. Inversion thường được sử dụng để nhấn mạnh hoặc làm câu văn phong phú hơn. Có hai loại đảo ngữ chính: đảo ngữ toàn bộ và đảo ngữ một phần.

Lý thuyết về Inversion

Đảo ngược (inversion) là một cấu trúc ngữ pháp quan trọng trong tiếng Anh. Nó thay đổi vị trí thông thường của chủ ngữ và động từ để tạo sự nhấn mạnh hoặc phù hợp với ngữ cảnh. Dưới đây là cách sử dụng inversion trong nhiều trường hợp khác nhau, được giải thích ngắn gọn và dễ hiểu.

1. Đảo ngược trong câu hỏi

Trong câu hỏi, động từ hoặc trợ động từ luôn đứng trước chủ ngữ. Đây là cách sử dụng cơ bản nhất của inversion. Nó giúp người nghe dễ dàng nhận ra câu đang hỏi thông tin.

Ví dụ:

• “Do you like apples?” (Bạn có thích táo không?)
• “Is she coming?” (Cô ấy có đang đến không?)

Cách viết này đơn giản nhưng rất phổ biến trong giao tiếp hàng ngày. Nó khác với trật tự thông thường của câu khẳng định, nơi chủ ngữ đứng trước động từ.

2. Đảo ngược trong câu điều kiện

Câu điều kiện có ba loại chính, và inversion có thể thay thế từ “if” để làm câu trang trọng hơn. Mỗi loại điều kiện có cách đảo ngược riêng.

Với điều kiện loại 1, ta dùng “should” để thay “if”.
Ví dụ: “If she comes, we will go to the park.” trở thành “Should she come, we will go to the park.” (Nếu cô ấy đến, chúng tôi sẽ đi công viên.)

Điều kiện loại 2 dùng “were” để thay “if”.
Ví dụ: “If I were you, I would do that.” thành “Were I you, I would do that.” (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ làm điều đó.)

Điều kiện loại 3 dùng “had” để thay “if”.
Ví dụ: “If he had known, he would have told me.” thành “Had he known, he would have told me.” (Nếu anh ấy biết, anh ấy đã nói với tôi.)

Cách dùng này thường thấy trong văn viết trang trọng hoặc bài phát biểu.

3. Đảo ngược với “so”, “neither”, “nor”

Inversion với “so”, “neither”, hay “nor” thể hiện sự đồng tình hoặc phủ định với ý trước đó. Nó giúp câu thêm phần nhấn mạnh.

Ví dụ:

• “She likes chocolate, and so do I.” (Cô ấy thích sô-cô-la, tôi cũng vậy.)
• “He can’t swim, neither can his brother.” (Anh ấy không biết bơi, em trai anh ấy cũng không.)

Cấu trúc này ngắn gọn và thường dùng trong hội thoại để tránh lặp lại ý đã nói.

4. Đảo ngược với “only after”, “only when”, “only if”

Khi muốn nhấn mạnh thời điểm hoặc điều kiện, ta dùng inversion với các cụm như “only after”, “only when”, “only if”. Động từ đảo lên trước chủ ngữ để tạo hiệu ứng mạnh.

Ví dụ:

• “Only after the meeting did she realize the problem.” (Chỉ sau cuộc họp cô ấy mới nhận ra vấn đề.)
• “Only when I see it will I believe it.” (Chỉ khi tôi thấy tận mắt tôi mới tin.)

Cách viết này làm nổi bật thời gian hoặc điều kiện duy nhất dẫn đến hành động.

5. Đảo ngược với trạng từ phủ định và tần suất

Trạng từ phủ định như “never”, “rarely” hoặc trạng từ chỉ tần suất khi đứng đầu câu sẽ kéo theo inversion. Nó nhấn mạnh mức độ hiếm hoặc sự phủ định.

Ví dụ:

• “Never have I seen such a beautiful place.” (Chưa bao giờ tôi thấy một nơi đẹp như vậy.)
• “Rarely does he go to the cinema.” (Hiếm khi anh ấy đi xem phim.)

Cấu trúc này thường dùng trong văn phong trang trọng hoặc để gây ấn tượng mạnh.

6. Đảo ngược với “no sooner … than”, “hardly … when”

Cấu trúc “no sooner … than” và “hardly … when” diễn tả hai sự việc xảy ra liên tiếp, gần như ngay lập tức. Inversion làm câu thêm phần kịch tính.

Ví dụ:

• “No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave.” (Anh ấy vừa đến thì đã bị yêu cầu rời đi.)
• “Hardly had I finished my homework when the phone rang.” (Tôi vừa làm xong bài tập thì điện thoại reo.)

Cách dùng này thường xuất hiện trong kể chuyện hoặc văn viết để tạo sự hấp dẫn.

7. Đảo ngược với “here”, “there”

Khi muốn nhấn mạnh vị trí hoặc sự xuất hiện của sự vật, ta dùng “here” hoặc “there” với inversion. Nó thường xuất hiện trong văn nói tự nhiên.

Ví dụ:

• “Here comes the bus.” (Xe buýt đến rồi đây.)
• “There goes the train.” (Tàu hỏa đi mất rồi.)

Cấu trúc này đơn giản nhưng rất hiệu quả để thu hút sự chú ý.

8. Đảo ngược với “seldom”, “scarcely”, “barely”

Các trạng từ như “seldom”, “scarcely”, “barely” khi đứng đầu câu cũng gây ra inversion. Chúng nhấn mạnh mức độ hiếm hoặc sự thiếu hụt.

Ví dụ:

• “Seldom does he speak in public.” (Hiếm khi anh ấy phát biểu trước đám đông.)
• “Scarcely had we left when it started to rain.” (Chúng tôi vừa rời đi thì trời bắt đầu mưa.)

Cách dùng này làm câu thêm phần trang trọng và ấn tượng.

Tổng kết về inversion

Inversion là công cụ linh hoạt trong tiếng Anh, giúp thay đổi cách diễn đạt thông thường. Nó có thể làm câu hỏi rõ ràng hơn, nhấn mạnh ý chính, hoặc tạo sự trang trọng. Dù dùng trong văn nói hay viết, nó đều mang lại hiệu quả cao.

Mỗi loại inversion có mục đích riêng. Câu hỏi dùng để tìm thông tin, câu điều kiện tăng tính trang trọng, còn “so”, “neither” thể hiện sự đồng tình. Các cụm như “only after”, “never”, hay “no sooner” làm nổi bật thời gian, tần suất, hoặc sự việc đặc biệt.

Để sử dụng tốt inversion, cần nắm rõ ngữ cảnh. Trong giao tiếp hàng ngày, nó xuất hiện đơn giản như “Here comes the bus”. Trong văn viết, nó phức tạp hơn như “Had I known, I would have acted differently”.

Hãy thử áp dụng inversion khi bạn muốn câu nói ấn tượng hơn. Ví dụ, thay vì nói “I have never seen this”, bạn có thể nói “Never have I seen this”. Nó không chỉ đúng ngữ pháp mà còn thu hút người nghe.

Inversion không khó để học. Chỉ cần thực hành qua các ví dụ, bạn sẽ quen với cách đảo động từ và chủ ngữ. Từ đó, tiếng Anh của bạn sẽ phong phú và tự nhiên hơn.

(Độ dài: khoảng 1000 từ)

Bài tập dạng Gap Filling (100 câu)

Dưới đây là 100 câu luyện tập bài tập dạng gap filling về inversion để bạn thực hành:

1. Never _______ (I/see) such a beautiful sunset.
2. Only after _______ (he/leave) did I understand his true intentions.
3. Hardly _______ (we/get) into the car when it started to rain.
4. Rarely _______ (he/speak) in public.
5. Not until the bell rang _______ (the students/stop) talking.
6. Scarcely _______ (I/sit) down when the phone rang.
7. No sooner _______ (they/arrive) than they had to leave again.
8. Little _______ (she/know) what surprises awaited her.
9. Under no circumstances _______ (you/open) this door.
10. On no account _______ (we/allow) strangers to enter.
11. Seldom _______ (he/watch) TV these days.
12. Here _______ (come) the bus.
13. There _______ (go) the last train.
14. Only when _______ (you/apologize) will I forgive you.
15. So fast _______ (she/run) that she broke the record.
16. Such _______ (be) the noise that nobody could hear anything.
17. Nowhere _______ (I/find) a better place than this.
18. At no time _______ (we/consider) selling the house.
19. Not only _______ (she/be) smart, but she is also kind.
20. No sooner _______ (the bell/ring) than the students rushed out.
21. Little _______ (he/know) that he was being watched.
22. Never before _______ (I/meet) such an interesting person.
23. Rarely _______ (she/go) out at night.
24. Not until _______ (the sun/set) did we decide to return.
25. Barely _______ (we/reach) home when it started to rain.
26. Only by _______ (work) hard will you succeed.
27. Hardly ever _______ (they/visit) us anymore.
28. On no account _______ (you/use) my computer without permission.
29. So beautiful _______ (be) the view that I couldn’t take my eyes off it.
30. Only in this way _______ (we/succeed).
31. Never again _______ (I/trust) him.
32. Nowhere _______ (be/find) a more suitable candidate than her.
33. Not until _______ (we/reach) home did we realize our mistake.
34. Little _______ (we/know) what was about to happen.
35. Under no circumstances _______ (you/enter) the room.
36. At no time _______ (I/suspect) that he was lying.
37. Not only _______ (she/speak) French, but she also speaks Spanish.
38. Never _______ (I/see) such a mess in my life.
39. No sooner _______ (we/get) there than it started to rain.
40. Rarely _______ (we/meet) such talented individuals.
41. Only after _______ (the project/be) finished did we relax.
42. Hardly _______ (we/leave) the house when it started snowing.
43. Little _______ (she/know) how much trouble she was in.
44. Scarcely _______ (the show/start) when the lights went out.
45. On no account _______ (he/be) allowed to enter the building.
46. Never before _______ (I/experience) such a strange phenomenon.
47. Rarely _______ (the company/face) such a crisis.
48. Not until _______ (the meeting/finish) did I realize the time.
49. Barely _______ (we/finish) dinner when the phone rang.
50. Only by _______ (act) quickly can we save her.
51. Hardly ever _______ (he/smile) these days.
52. So skilled _______ (be) she that she was hired immediately.
53. Little _______ (he/suspect) that he was being watched.
54. Never again _______ (I/visit) that place.
55. No sooner _______ (the teacher/enter) the room than the students stood up.
56. Rarely _______ (we/hear) such good news.
57. Not until _______ (she/see) it with her own eyes did she believe it.
58. Barely _______ (they/escape) when the building collapsed.
59. Only by _______ (practice) regularly can you improve.
60. Never _______ (we/witness) such chaos.
61. No sooner _______ (the show/start) than it was interrupted.
62. Little _______ (I/imagine) that this would happen.
63. Hardly _______ (the game/begin) when it started to rain.
64. Only after _______ (the truth/be/revealed) did she forgive him.
65. Rarely _______ (you/find) such dedication.
66. At no time _______ (we/think) it would be easy.
67. Not only _______ (he/work) hard, but he also helps others.
68. Never _______ (I/think) it would be this challenging.
69. Scarcely _______ (they/reach) the top when they had to descend.
70. Only in the summer _______ (she/go) to the beach.
71. Hardly ever _______ (we/go) out for dinner.
72. So determined _______ (he/be) that he never gave up.
73. Little _______ (we/know) about their plans.
74. Never again _______ (they/make) that mistake.
75. No sooner _______ (the storm/stop) than they started repairing the damage.
76. Rarely _______ (he/take) a day off.
77. Not until _______ (she/finish) her homework did she go out.
78. Barely _______ (I/arrive) when I was called back.
79. Only by _______ (be) persistent can you achieve your goals.
80. Never _______ (we/see) such a spectacular event.
81. No sooner _______ (they/start) their journey than they encountered problems.
82. Little _______ (she/realize) how important her decision was.
83. Hardly _______ (we/enter) the room when the meeting started.
84. Only after _______ (he/leave) did we understand the situation.
85. Rarely _______ (she/find) time to relax.
86. At no time _______ (we/doubt) his abilities.
87. Not only _______ (she/complete) the task, but she also did it perfectly.
88. Never _______ (I/feel) so happy before.
89. Scarcely _______ (we/arrive) when it began to rain.
90. Only in this manner _______ (we/achieve) success.
91. Hardly ever _______ (they/visit) their relatives.
92. So impressive _______ (be) his performance that everyone applauded.
93. Little _______ (he/know) that he would win the lottery.
94. Never again _______ (we/underestimate) their power.
95. No sooner _______ (the concert/begin) than it was interrupted.
96. Rarely _______ (the team/play) so well.
97. Not until _______ (the lights/go) out did we notice the problem.
98. Barely _______ (we/step) inside when the alarm went off.
99. Only by _______ (learn) from mistakes can we grow.
100. Never _______ (I/see) such a beautiful painting.

Đáp án gợi ý

1. Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.
2. Only after he had left did I understand his true intentions.
3. Hardly had we got into the car when it started to rain.
4. Rarely does he speak in public.
5. Not until the bell rang did the students stop talking.
6. Scarcely had I sat down when the phone rang.
7. No sooner had they arrived than they had to leave again.
8. Little did she know what surprises awaited her.
9. Under no circumstances should you open this door.
10. On no account should we allow strangers to enter.
11. Seldom does he watch TV these days.
12. Here comes the bus.
13. There goes the last train.
14. Only when you apologize will I forgive you.
15. So fast did she run that she broke the record.
16. Such was the noise that nobody could hear anything.
17. Nowhere did I find a better place than this.
18. At no time did we consider selling the house.
19. Not only is she smart, but she is also kind.
20. No sooner had the bell rung than the students rushed out.
21. Little did he know that he was being watched.
22. Never before had I met such an interesting person.
23. Rarely does she go out at night.
24. Not until the sun set did we decide to return.
25. Barely had we reached home when it started to rain.
26. Only by working hard will you succeed.
27. Hardly ever do they visit us anymore.
28. On no account should you use my computer without permission.
29. So beautiful was the view that I couldn’t take my eyes off it.
30. Only in this way will we succeed.
31. Never again will I trust him.
32. Nowhere will you find a more suitable candidate than her.
33. Not until we reached home did we realize our mistake.
34. Little did we know what was about to happen.
35. Under no circumstances should you enter the room.
36. At no time did I suspect that he was lying.
37. Not only does she speak French, but she also speaks Spanish.
38. Never have I seen such a mess in my life.
39. No sooner had we got there than it started to rain.
40. Rarely do we meet such talented individuals.
41. Only after the project was finished did we relax.
42. Hardly had we left the house when it started snowing.
43. Little did she know how much trouble she was in.
44. Scarcely had the show started when the lights went out.
45. On no account should he be allowed to enter the building.
46. Never before had I experienced such a strange phenomenon.
47. Rarely does the company face such a crisis.
48. Not until the meeting was finished did I realize the time.
49. Barely had we finished dinner when the phone rang.
50. Only by acting quickly can we save her.
51. Hardly ever does he smile these days.
52. So skilled was she that she was hired immediately.
53. Little did he suspect that he was being watched.
54. Never again will I visit that place.
55. No sooner had the teacher entered the room than the students stood up.
56. Rarely do we hear such good news.
57. Not until she saw it with her own eyes did she believe it.
58. Barely had they escaped when the building collapsed.
59. Only by practicing regularly can you improve.
60. Never have we witnessed such chaos.
61. No sooner had the show started than it was interrupted.
62. Little did I imagine that this would happen.
63. Hardly had the game begun when it started to rain.
64. Only after the truth was revealed did she forgive him.
65. Rarely do you find such dedication.
66. At no time did we think it would be easy.
67. Not only does he work hard, but he also helps others.
68. Never did I think it would be this challenging.
69. Scarcely had they reached the top when they had to descend.
70. Only in the summer does she go to the beach.
71. Hardly ever do we go out for dinner.
72. So determined was he that he never gave up.
73. Little did we know about their plans.
74. Never again will they make that mistake.
75. No sooner had the storm stopped than they started repairing the damage.
76. Rarely does he take a day off.
77. Not until she finished her homework did she go out.
78. Barely had I arrived when I was called back.
79. Only by being persistent can you achieve your goals.
80. Never have we seen such a spectacular event.
81. No sooner had they started their journey than they encountered problems.
82. Little did she realize how important her decision was.
83. Hardly had we entered the room when the meeting started.
84. Only after he had left did we understand the situation.
85. Rarely does she find time to relax.
86. At no time did we doubt his abilities.
87. Not only did she complete the task, but she also did it perfectly.
88. Never have I felt so happy before.
89. Scarcely had we arrived when it began to rain.
90. Only in this manner can we achieve success.
91. Hardly ever do they visit their relatives.
92. So impressive was his performance that everyone applauded.
93. Little did he know that he would win the lottery.
94. Never again will we underestimate their power.
95. No sooner had the concert begun than it was interrupted.
96. Rarely does the team play so well.
97. Not until the lights went out did we notice the problem.
98. Barely had we stepped inside when the alarm went off.
99. Only by learning from mistakes can we grow.
100. Never have I seen such a beautiful painting.

Học lại bài cũ: Phrasal Verbs với Multiple Meanings Practice và 100 câu luyện tập.

Bài tập trắc nghiệm

Đáp án

1. C
2. D
3. A
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. A
8. A
9. A
10. A
11. A
12. A
13. D
14. D
15. A
16. B
17. A
18. A
19. A
20. A
21. A
22. A
23. A
24. A
25. A
26. D
27. D
28. A
29. A
30. A
31. A
32. A
33. A
34. A
35. A
36. A
37. A
38. D
39. D
40. A
41. A
42. A
43. A
44. A
45. A
46. A
47. A
48. A
49. A
50. D
51. D
52. A
53. A
54. A
55. A
56. A
57. A
58. A
59. A
60. A
61. A
62. D
63. D
64. A
65. A
66. A
67. A
68. A
69. A
70. A
71. A
72. A
73. A
74. D
75. D
76. A
77. A
78. A
79. A
80. A
81. A
82. A
83. A
84. A
85. A
86. D
87. D
88. A
89. A
90. A
91. A
92. A
93. A
94. A
95. A
96. A
97. A
98. D
99. D
100. A