Lý Thuyết về Reported Speech và 100 câu bài tập

Reported Speech, còn gọi là câu tường thuật hoặc câu gián tiếp, là cách thuật lại lời nói của ai đó mà không trích dẫn nguyên văn. Nó thường yêu cầu sự thay đổi về đại từ, thời gian và các từ chỉ nơi chốn.

Lý Thuyết về Reported Speech

Các quy tắc chuyển đổi

Đại từ

• Chủ ngữ và tân ngữ: Thay đổi theo ngữ cảnh của câu tường thuật.
  • Ví dụ: “I am happy,” she said. → She said (that) she was happy.

Thời gian

• Đổi thời gian trong câu tường thuật:
  • Hiện tại đơn → Quá khứ đơn: “I like apples,” he said. → He said (that) he liked apples.
  • Hiện tại tiếp diễn → Quá khứ tiếp diễn: “I am eating,” she said. → She said (that) she was eating.
  • Hiện tại hoàn thành → Quá khứ hoàn thành: “I have seen this movie,” he said. → He said (that) he had seen that movie.
  • Quá khứ đơn → Quá khứ hoàn thành: “I saw her,” he said. → He said (that) he had seen her.
  • Quá khứ tiếp diễn → Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn: “I was reading,” she said. → She said (that) she had been reading.
  • Tương lai đơn → Tương lai trong quá khứ: “I will go,” he said. → He said (that) he would go.

Các từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn

• now → then
• today → that day
• yesterday → the day before
• tomorrow → the next/following day
• here → there
• this → that
• these → those

Các loại câu tường thuật

Statements (Câu trần thuật)

• Cấu trúc: S + said (that) + S + V (lùi thì)
  • Ví dụ: “I am tired,” she said. → She said (that) she was tired.

Questions (Câu hỏi)

• Yes/No questions: S + asked (if/whether) + S + V (lùi thì)
  • Ví dụ: “Do you like music?” he asked. → He asked if I liked music.
• Wh- questions: S + asked + Wh- + S + V (lùi thì)
  • Ví dụ: “Where do you live?” she asked. → She asked where I lived.

Commands (Mệnh lệnh)

• Positive commands: S + told + O + to + V
  • Ví dụ: “Close the door,” he said. → He told me to close the door.
• Negative commands: S + told + O + not to + V
  • Ví dụ: “Don’t touch it,” she said. → She told me not to touch it.

Bài Tập Luyện Tập

Gap Filling Exercises

1. “I am watching TV,” he said. → He said (that) he ____ watching TV.
2. “She will come tomorrow,” he said. → He said (that) she ____ come the next day.
3. “We went to the cinema,” she said. → She said (that) they ____ to the cinema.
4. “I have finished my homework,” John said. → John said (that) he ____ finished his homework.
5. “Are you coming with us?” they asked. → They asked if I ____ coming with them.
6. “What is your name?” she asked. → She asked what ____ name was.
7. “Don’t open the door,” he said. → He told me ____ open the door.
8. “Why did you do that?” she asked. → She asked why I ____ done that.
9. “I can speak English,” she said. → She said (that) she ____ speak English.
10. “He is reading a book,” she said. → She said (that) he ____ reading a book.
11. “We are going shopping,” they said. → They said (that) they ____ going shopping.
12. “I need your help,” she said. → She said (that) she ____ my help.
13. “He was very tired,” she said. → She said (that) he ____ very tired.
14. “Will you visit us?” they asked. → They asked if I ____ visit them.
15. “She has never been there,” he said. → He said (that) she ____ never been there.
16. “Where do you live?” he asked. → He asked where I ____.
17. “Do not be late,” he said. → He told me ____ be late.
18. “Why are you crying?” she asked. → She asked why I ____ crying.
19. “I must go now,” he said. → He said (that) he ____ go then.
20. “They were playing football,” he said. → He said (that) they ____ playing football.
21. “Are you tired?” he asked. → He asked if I ____ tired.
22. “What did she say?” he asked. → He asked what she ____.
23. “Don’t touch that,” he said. → He told me ____ touch that.
24. “Why haven’t you called me?” she asked. → She asked why I ____ called her.
25. “I will see you soon,” she said. → She said (that) she ____ see me soon.
26. “He is cooking dinner,” she said. → She said (that) he ____ cooking dinner.
27. “We can meet tomorrow,” they said. → They said (that) they ____ meet the next day.
28. “She was sleeping,” he said. → He said (that) she ____ sleeping.
29. “Are you happy?” she asked. → She asked if I ____ happy.
30. “When will you arrive?” he asked. → He asked when I ____ arrive.
31. “Don’t make noise,” she said. → She told us ____ make noise.
32. “Why are you late?” he asked. → He asked why I ____ late.
33. “I have to leave early,” she said. → She said (that) she ____ to leave early.
34. “They were not at home,” he said. → He said (that) they ____ not at home.
35. “Do you understand?” she asked. → She asked if I ____ understand.
36. “What are you doing?” he asked. → He asked what I ____ doing.
37. “Don’t forget to call me,” she said. → She told me ____ forget to call her.
38. “Why did you leave?” he asked. → He asked why I ____ left.
39. “I will finish it later,” she said. → She said (that) she ____ finish it later.
40. “He is not feeling well,” she said. → She said (that) he ____ not feeling well.
41. “Are they coming?” he asked. → He asked if they ____ coming.
42. “What have you done?” she asked. → She asked what I ____ done.
43. “Don’t go outside,” he said. → He told us ____ go outside.
44. “Why were you absent?” she asked. → She asked why I ____ absent.
45. “I will call you,” he said. → He said (that) he ____ call me.
46. “She is working now,” he said. → He said (that) she ____ working then.
47. “Can you help me?” she asked. → She asked if I ____ help her.
48. “Where have you been?” he asked. → He asked where I ____ been.
49. “Don’t tell anyone,” she said. → She told me ____ tell anyone.
50. “Why did you cry?” he asked. → He asked why I ____ cried.
51. “I will be there soon,” she said. → She said (that) she ____ be there soon.
52. “He was here yesterday,” she said. → She said (that) he ____ there the day before.
53. “Are you busy?” he asked. → He asked if I ____ busy.
54. “What are you thinking about?” she asked. → She asked what I ____ thinking about.
55. “Don’t lose your keys,” he said. → He told me ____ lose my keys.
56. “Why haven’t you finished?” she asked. → She asked why I ____ finished.
57. “I will tell you later,” he said. → He said (that) he ____ tell me later.
58. “She is going to the market,” he said. → He said (that) she ____ going to the market.
59. “Can they come?” she asked. → She asked if they ____ come.
60. “Where are you going?” he asked. → He asked where I ____ going.
61. “Don’t be angry,” she said. → She told me ____ be angry.
62. “Why are you shouting?” he asked. → He asked why I ____ shouting.
63. “I must stay here,” she said. → She said (that) she ____ stay there.
64. “They were at the party,” he said. → He said (that) they ____ at the party.
65. “Do you know the answer?” she asked. → She asked if I ____ the answer.
66. “What will you do?” he asked. → He asked what I ____ do.
67. “Don’t wait for me,” she said. → She told me ____ wait for her.
68. “Why are you laughing?” he asked. → He asked why I ____ laughing.
69. “I will pay you back,” she said. → She said (that) she ____ pay me back.
70. “He is not at home,” she said. → She said (that) he ____ not at home.
71. “Can you hear me?” he asked. → He asked if I ____ hear him.
72. “Where did you buy this?” she asked. → She asked where I ____ bought that.
73. “Don’t drink that,” he said. → He told me ____ drink that.
74. “Why did you call me?” she asked. → She asked why I ____ called her.
75. “I will fix it,” he said. → He said (that) he ____ fix it.
76. “She is my friend,” he said. → He said (that) she ____ his friend.
77. “Can you see them?” she asked. → She asked if I ____ see them.
78. “Where were you?” he asked. → He asked where I ____.
79. “Don’t waste your time,” she said. → She told me ____ waste my time.
80. “Why haven’t you replied?” he asked. → He asked why I ____ replied.
81. “I will bring it tomorrow,” she said. → She said (that) she ____ bring it the next day.
82. “He was in the garden,” she said. → She said (that) he ____ in the garden.
83. “Are you coming tomorrow?” he asked. → He asked if I ____ coming the next day.
84. “What did you find?” she asked. → She asked what I ____ found.
85. “Don’t move,” he said. → He told me ____ move.
86. “Why are you here?” she asked. → She asked why I ____ there.
87. “I will be there at 6,” he said. → He said (that) he ____ be there at 6.
88. “She is on the phone,” he said. → He said (that) she ____ on the phone.
89. “Can you meet me?” she asked. → She asked if I ____ meet her.
90. “Where did you put it?” he asked. → He asked where I ____ put it.
91. “Don’t forget your bag,” she said. → She told me ____ forget my bag.
92. “Why are you silent?” he asked. → He asked why I ____ silent.
93. “I will write to you,” she said. → She said (that) she ____ write to me.
94. “He was not there,” she said. → She said (that) he ____ not there.
95. “Are you free now?” he asked. → He asked if I ____ free then.
96. “What did you do last night?” she asked. → She asked what I ____ done the night before.
97. “Don’t go without me,” he said. → He told me ____ go without him.
98. “Why haven’t you told him?” she asked. → She asked why I ____ told him.
99. “I will always love you,” he said. → He said (that) he ____ always love me.
100. “She is not working,” he said. → He said (that) she ____ not working.

Đáp án Reported Speech

1. He said (that) he was watching TV.
2. He said (that) she would come the next day.
3. She said (that) they had gone to the cinema.
4. John said (that) he had finished his homework.
5. They asked if I was coming with them.
6. She asked what my name was.
7. He told me not to open the door.
8. She asked why I had done that.
9. She said (that) she could speak English.
10. She said (that) he was reading a book.
11. They said (that) they were going shopping.
12. She said (that) she needed my help.
13. She said (that) he had been very tired.
14. They asked if I would visit them.
15. He said (that) she had never been there.
16. He asked where I lived.
17. He told me not to be late.
18. She asked why I was crying.
19. He said (that) he had to go then.
20. He said (that) they had been playing football.
21. He asked if I was tired.
22. He asked what she had said.
23. He told me not to touch that.
24. She asked why I hadn’t called her.
25. She said (that) she would see me soon.
26. She said (that) he was cooking dinner.
27. They said (that) they could meet the next day.
28. He said (that) she had been sleeping.
29. She asked if I was happy.
30. He asked when I would arrive.
31. She told us not to make noise.
32. He asked why I was late.
33. She said (that) she had to leave early.
34. He said (that) they had been not at home.
35. She asked if I knew the answer.
36. He asked what I was doing.
37. She told me not to forget to call her.
38. He asked why I had left.
39. She said (that) she would finish it later.
40. She said (that) he was not feeling well.
41. He asked if they were coming.
42. She asked what I had done.
43. He told us not to go outside.
44. She asked why I had been absent.
45. He said (that) he would call me.
46. He said (that) she was working then.
47. She asked if I could help her.
48. He asked where I had been.
49. She told me not to tell anyone.
50. He asked why I had cried.
51. She said (that) she would be there soon.
52. She said (that) he had been there the day before.
53. He asked if I was busy.
54. She asked what I was thinking about.
55. He told me not to lose my keys.
56. She asked why I hadn’t finished.
57. He said (that) he would tell me later.
58. He said (that) she was going to the market.
59. She asked if they could come.
60. He asked where I was going.
61. She told me not to be angry.
62. He asked why I was shouting.
63. She said (that) she had to stay there.
64. He said (that) they had been at the party.
65. She asked if I knew the answer.
66. He asked what I would do.
67. She told me not to wait for her.
68. He asked why I was laughing.
69. She said (that) she would pay me back.
70. She said (that) he was not at home.
71. He asked if I could hear him.
72. She asked where I had bought that.
73. He told me not to drink that.
74. She asked why I had called her.
75. He said (that) he would fix it.
76. He said (that) she was his friend.
77. She asked if I could see them.
78. He asked where I had been.
79. She told me not to waste my time.
80. He asked why I hadn’t replied.
81. She said (that) she would bring it the next day.
82. She said (that) he had been in the garden.
83. He asked if I was coming the next day.
84. She asked what I had found.
85. He told me not to move.
86. She asked why I was there.
87. He said (that) he would be there at 6.
88. He said (that) she was on the phone.
89. She asked if I could meet her.
90. He asked where I had put it.
91. She told me not to forget my bag.
92. He asked why I was silent.
93. She said (that) she would write to me.
94. She said (that) he was not there.
95. He asked if I was free then.
96. She asked what I had done the night before.
97. He told me not to go without him.
98. She asked why I hadn’t told him.
99. He said (that) he would always love me.
100. He said (that) she was not working.

Học lại bài cũ: Lý thuyết về Expressing Purpose và 100 bài tập.