So sánh hơn và so sánh nhất (Comparative and Superlative) và 100 bài tập

So sánh hơn và so sánh nhất là hai cấu trúc quan trọng trong ngữ pháp tiếng Anh. Chúng thường được sử dụng để so sánh giữa các đối tượng, tính chất, hoặc hành động. Bài viết này sẽ giúp bạn hiểu rõ hơn về cách dùng so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất, cũng như các quy tắc quan trọng và ví dụ minh họa.

Bài cũ: Câu Gián Tiếp (Reported Speech) và 100 bài tập.

So sánh hơn (Comparative)

So sánh hơn được sử dụng khi muốn so sánh hai đối tượng và chỉ ra rằng một đối tượng có tính chất nhiều hơn hoặc ít hơn so với đối tượng còn lại. Có hai cách để tạo cấu trúc so sánh hơn:

a. So sánh hơn với tính từ ngắn

Với các tính từ ngắn (tính từ có một âm tiết hoặc kết thúc bằng “y”), chúng ta thêm “-er” vào sau tính từ và sử dụng “than” để thể hiện sự so sánh.

Ví dụ:

• fast → faster → “She runs faster than me.” (Cô ấy chạy nhanh hơn tôi.)
• happy → happier → “He seems happier than before.” (Anh ấy có vẻ vui hơn trước.)

1. She walks faster than him.
2. This test is easier than the last one.
3. He is taller than his brother.
4. My bag is heavier than yours.
5. The weather is hotter than yesterday.
6. This road is wider than the one before.
7. She feels happier than ever.
8. This task is simpler than I thought.
9. This car is cheaper than that one.
10. The water is colder than last week.
11. His answer is shorter than mine.
12. The new shoes are tighter than the old ones.
13. My dog is friendlier than my cat.
14. The sun is brighter today than yesterday.
15. The movie was scarier than I expected.
16. This problem is smaller than the previous one.
17. She is smarter than her classmates.
18. His handwriting is neater than mine.
19. The cake is sweeter than usual.
20. The hill is steeper than it looks.
21. My hair is curlier than hers.
22. This street is narrower than the next one.
23. He seems healthier than last week.
24. The noise is louder than before.
25. This jacket is warmer than the other one.
26. His jokes are funnier than hers.
27. My phone is older than yours.
28. The room feels cozier than before.
29. This picture is clearer than the first one.
30. He is angrier than before.
31. This chair is harder than the one over there.
32. This trip is shorter than the last one.
33. Her reaction was quicker than mine.
34. This book is thinner than the other.
35. The new plan is safer than the old one.
36. His voice is deeper than his friend’s.
37. This shirt is drier than the other one.
38. My brother is lazier than me.
39. This story is sadder than I imagined.
40. His response was ruder than expected.
41. The grass is greener on this side.
42. His car is cleaner than before.
43. The lake is deeper than I thought.
44. Her smile is brighter than mine.
45. This drink is colder than the last one.
46. My new bike is faster than my old one.
47. The joke is sillier than the previous one.
48. This apple is juicier than the other.
49. The cake is tastier than the one I made.
50. His skin is paler than his sister’s.
51. The water is clearer than last summer.
52. His speech is smoother than mine.
53. The team is stronger than before.
54. The stone is harder than I thought.
55. This fish is fresher than yesterday’s catch.
56. My dog is quieter than the neighbor’s.
57. The road is bumpier than the last one.
58. This flower is prettier than the others.
59. His explanation was easier than the teacher’s.
60. The air here is cleaner than in the city.
61. My new shoes are shinier than my old ones.
62. This bag is lighter than it looks.
63. The beach is sandier than I expected.
64. My shirt is drier than yours.
65. This house is bigger than my friend’s.
66. The noise outside is louder than before.
67. Her shoes are trendier than mine.
68. The soup is hotter than I can handle.
69. My bed is softer than his.
70. This exercise is harder than it seems.
71. My cat is lazier than my dog.
72. This ice cream is creamier than the last one.
73. Her hands are colder than mine.
74. The book is shorter than I expected.
75. His bag is smaller than mine.
76. This car is quieter than the previous model.
77. The street is busier than it was this morning.
78. My coffee is stronger than yours.
79. This meal is spicier than I like.
80. Her reaction was faster than anyone else’s.
81. The sky looks bluer today than yesterday.
82. This pillow is fluffier than mine.
83. Her voice is softer than his.
84. The team is younger than last year.
85. This glass is fuller than that one.
86. The air feels cooler than before.
87. His behavior was naughtier than mine.
88. My computer is newer than yours.
89. The grass is drier than yesterday.
90. His feet are bigger than mine.
91. This street is quieter than the next one.
92. The water in the pool is warmer than the sea.
93. His joke was funnier than expected.
94. The sun feels hotter than it should.
95. Her smile is cuter than her brother’s.
96. The cake is lighter than it looks.
97. This river is narrower than the last one.
98. The hill is rockier than I thought.
99. His answer was briefer than mine.
100. This chair is harder than the sofa.

b. So sánh hơn với tính từ dài

Với tính từ dài (tính từ có từ hai âm tiết trở lên), ta không thêm “-er” mà dùng “more” trước tính từ và “than” sau tính từ.

Ví dụ:

• beautiful → “She is more beautiful than her sister.” (Cô ấy đẹp hơn chị của cô.)
• interesting → “This book is more interesting than that one.” (Cuốn sách này thú vị hơn cuốn kia.)

1. This movie is more exciting than the last one.
2. She is more intelligent than most of her classmates.
3. The weather today is more pleasant than yesterday.
4. His explanation was more detailed than the teacher’s.
5. This project is more challenging than I expected.
6. Your idea is more creative than mine.
7. This task is more difficult than the previous one.
8. The new restaurant is more expensive than the old one.
9. Her speech was more inspiring than the other candidates’.
10. This exercise is more exhausting than the last one.
11. The view from the top is more breathtaking than I imagined.
12. This laptop is more reliable than my old one.
13. The food here is more delicious than at the other place.
14. He is more cautious than his brother.
15. This book is more informative than the one I read before.
16. Her performance was more impressive than I expected.
17. His presentation was more professional than the others.
18. The journey was more comfortable than we anticipated.
19. This job is more demanding than my last one.
20. The concert was more enjoyable than I thought it would be.
21. This exam is more complicated than the last one.
22. The new car is more efficient than the old model.
23. This decision is more important than we initially thought.
24. His work is more consistent than his colleague’s.
25. This painting is more vibrant than the one in the gallery.
26. The results are more accurate than last year’s.
27. Her singing is more powerful than I remembered.
28. The story is more emotional than I expected.
29. This method is more effective than the previous one.
30. The lecture was more engaging than last week’s.
31. His answer was more convincing than mine.
32. The new policy is more beneficial than the old one.
33. She is more confident than she was last year.
34. The building is more modern than the neighboring ones.
35. His attitude is more positive than it used to be.
36. This movie is more meaningful than the first part.
37. The solution is more practical than what we had before.
38. The software is more user-friendly than the older version.
39. Her story is more believable than I initially thought.
40. This plan is more sustainable than the last one.
41. His voice is more soothing than hers.
42. This cake is more flavorful than the one we made last week.
43. The new schedule is more flexible than the old one.
44. This event is more organized than the previous one.
45. This technique is more efficient than what we used before.
46. The conversation was more productive than I expected.
47. His explanation was more logical than hers.
48. This problem is more serious than I realized.
49. This policy is more inclusive than the previous one.
50. The new system is more secure than the old one.
51. Her argument was more persuasive than mine.
52. This approach is more innovative than the traditional one.
53. The treatment is more effective than the last one.
54. This offer is more appealing than the other options.
55. His suggestions were more constructive than hers.
56. The test was more difficult than I had anticipated.
57. This solution is more straightforward than I thought.
58. The new design is more attractive than the original.
59. This problem is more complex than we expected.
60. The explanation was more thorough than I needed.
61. This proposal is more feasible than the other one.
62. Her dress is more fashionable than mine.
63. This program is more advanced than the one we used before.
64. His behavior is more respectful than it used to be.
65. This system is more intuitive than the old one.
66. The book is more thought-provoking than the movie.
67. This game is more entertaining than the one we played yesterday.
68. His ideas are more revolutionary than what we’ve seen before.
69. The house is more spacious than their old one.
70. This drink is more refreshing than the other options.
71. Her artwork is more abstract than the others in the exhibit.
72. The hotel is more luxurious than we expected.
73. This conference is more informative than last year’s.
74. His response was more polite than hers.
75. This solution is more environmentally-friendly than the alternative.
76. Her feedback was more constructive than mine.
77. The documentary is more insightful than the book.
78. This theory is more complex than it appears.
79. His performance was more energetic than anyone else’s.
80. The music is more uplifting than what I usually listen to.
81. This challenge is more daunting than the last one.
82. The device is more durable than my previous one.
83. His jokes are more humorous than I expected.
84. This building is more iconic than any in the city.
85. The assignment is more time-consuming than the others.
86. The atmosphere is more relaxed than at the office.
87. This opportunity is more exciting than the previous one.
88. The soup is more nutritious than I thought.
89. Her character is more relatable than the others.
90. The service here is more attentive than at the other restaurant.
91. This process is more automated than before.
92. His handwriting is more legible than mine.
93. The company’s new product is more innovative than its competitors’.
94. This challenge is more rewarding than I expected.
95. Her explanation was more enlightening than the lecture.
96. This vacation is more relaxing than I had imagined.
97. His style is more sophisticated than it used to be.
98. The experiment was more successful than we anticipated.
99. Her recipe is more complicated than mine.
100. The presentation was more informative than I expected.

Lưu ý: Một số tính từ bất quy tắc không tuân theo quy tắc thêm “-er” hay “more”:

• good → better → “He is better than me.”
• bad → worse → “This situation is worse than last time.”

1. She is better than me at cooking.
2. This situation is worse than before.
3. His performance was better than last time.
4. The weather today is worse than yesterday.
5. This book is better than the one I read before.
6. His health is worse than it was last year.
7. She sings better than her sister.
8. This meal tastes better than the one we had yesterday.
9. The traffic is worse than usual this morning.
10. He is better than most of his teammates.
11. The air quality is worse than last week.
12. This laptop is better than the old one.
13. The movie was worse than I expected.
14. He runs better than his friends.
15. The new policy is worse than the old one.
16. She dances better than anyone else in the group.
17. This headache is worse than the one I had yesterday.
18. His explanation was better than I thought it would be.
19. This exam is worse than the last one.
20. The service at this restaurant is better than at the other place.
21. His condition is worse than we thought.
22. She swims better than her classmates.
23. This presentation is better than the previous one.
24. The pollution here is worse than in my hometown.
25. His idea was better than mine.
26. The weather is worse than it was forecasted.
27. This coffee is better than the one I usually drink.
28. The results are worse than expected.
29. He speaks English better than his brother.
30. The traffic is worse than it was last week.
31. Her grades are better than mine.
32. The pain is worse than before.
33. This design is better than the previous one.
34. His injury is worse than we originally thought.
35. This phone is better than the one I had before.
36. The situation is worse than I imagined.
37. She is better than her coworkers at solving problems.
38. The economy is worse than it was last year.
39. This solution is better than the one we came up with last time.
40. The air pollution is worse than it was last month.
41. His performance was better than expected.
42. The pain in my leg is worse than yesterday.
43. The new software is better than the old version.
44. The conditions were worse than what we were prepared for.
45. His behavior is better than it used to be.
46. The damage is worse than I initially thought.
47. The customer service is better than at the other store.
48. The storm was worse than predicted.
49. This proposal is better than the last one.
50. The noise in the city is worse than in the countryside.
51. His solution was better than mine.
52. This exam result is worse than my last one.
53. The hotel is better than the one we stayed at last year.
54. His injury is worse than the doctors expected.
55. The new plan is better than the old one.
56. The weather is worse than it has been all week.
57. Her singing is better than it was last year.
58. This job is worse than I thought it would be.
59. His attitude is better than it was before.
60. The noise from the construction is worse than last month.
61. This version is better than the previous one.
62. The pollution is worse than I’ve ever seen.
63. His grades are better than they were last semester.
64. This headache is worse than the last one.
65. The conditions at work are better than before.
66. The air here is worse than in the countryside.
67. Her solution was better than mine.
68. The economy is worse than it has been in years.
69. His health is better than it was last month.
70. The problem is worse than we initially thought.
71. This coffee tastes better than the one from the café.
72. The situation is worse than I anticipated.
73. Her cooking is better than it used to be.
74. The traffic was worse than usual today.
75. His explanation is better than anyone else’s.
76. The weather forecast is worse than we expected.
77. This book is better than the one I read last week.
78. The noise outside is worse than it was yesterday.
79. His handwriting is better than before.
80. The pain in my back is worse than it was last night.
81. This phone is better than my old one.
82. The traffic today is worse than it was last year.
83. Her presentation was better than anyone expected.
84. The pollution levels are worse than last summer.
85. His idea is better than the one we had before.
86. The pain is worse than what the doctor predicted.
87. This laptop performs better than the previous model.
88. The weather is worse than I’ve ever experienced.
89. His results are better than his previous ones.
90. The economy is worse than it was last quarter.
91. This solution is better than the alternative.
92. The traffic in this city is worse than I remember.
93. Her skills are better than most of her colleagues.
94. This cold is worse than the one I had last year.
95. The food here is better than what we had last time.
96. His condition is worse than the doctors initially diagnosed.
97. The system works better than the one we used before.
98. The noise is worse than it was a few days ago.
99. Her attitude is better than last time.
100. The damage caused by the storm is worse than what we were prepared for.

So sánh nhất (Superlative)

So sánh nhất được dùng để chỉ một đối tượng có tính chất vượt trội nhất trong một nhóm nhiều đối tượng. Tương tự như so sánh hơn, có hai cách tạo cấu trúc so sánh nhất:

a. So sánh nhất với tính từ ngắn

Thêm “the” và “-est” vào sau tính từ ngắn để tạo so sánh nhất.

Ví dụ:

• fast → the fastest → “She is the fastest runner in the team.” (Cô ấy là người chạy nhanh nhất trong đội.)
• happy → the happiest → “He is the happiest person here.” (Anh ấy là người vui nhất ở đây.)

1. She is the fastest runner in the school.
2. He is the strongest man in the competition.
3. This is the easiest task I’ve ever done.
4. She is the happiest person at the party.
5. This is the tallest building in the city.
6. He is the shortest student in the class.
7. She is the kindest person I know.
8. This is the coldest day of the year.
9. He is the smartest kid in the group.
10. This is the hottest summer we’ve had in years.
11. He is the bravest firefighter in the station.
12. This is the biggest house in the neighborhood.
13. She is the thinnest model in the show.
14. This is the best pizza I’ve ever tasted.
15. He is the worst player on the team.
16. This is the brightest light in the room.
17. She is the quietest person in the office.
18. This is the driest month of the year.
19. He is the youngest member of the family.
20. This is the oldest tree in the park.
21. She is the friendliest neighbor on the street.
22. This is the cheapest option available.
23. He is the richest man in the town.
24. This is the softest pillow I’ve ever used.
25. She is the prettiest girl at the party.
26. This is the cleanest beach I’ve been to.
27. He is the funniest comedian in the country.
28. This is the busiest time of the year.
29. She is the brightest student in the class.
30. This is the darkest night of the month.
31. He is the fastest swimmer in the race.
32. This is the thickest book in the library.
33. She is the nicest teacher in the school.
34. This is the hardest exam I’ve ever taken.
35. He is the slowest driver on the road.
36. This is the wettest season in the region.
37. She is the sweetest girl I’ve ever met.
38. This is the coolest gadget I’ve seen.
39. He is the loudest speaker in the room.
40. This is the safest place to stay during a storm.
41. She is the fastest typist in the office.
42. This is the lightest suitcase I’ve ever carried.
43. He is the cleverest student in the school.
44. This is the quietest café in town.
45. She is the saddest person at the funeral.
46. This is the longest road in the country.
47. He is the strongest athlete in the gym.
48. This is the funniest joke I’ve ever heard.
49. She is the fastest runner in her age group.
50. This is the freshest bread in the bakery.
51. He is the tallest boy in the class.
52. This is the biggest problem we face.
53. She is the kindest nurse in the hospital.
54. This is the hardest job I’ve ever had.
55. He is the thinnest man I’ve seen.
56. This is the smallest car in the lot.
57. She is the youngest artist in the gallery.
58. This is the fastest animal in the jungle.
59. He is the bravest soldier in the unit.
60. This is the best book I’ve read all year.
61. She is the coolest person at the concert.
62. This is the hottest dish on the menu.
63. He is the shortest player on the team.
64. This is the driest desert in the world.
65. She is the happiest bride I’ve ever seen.
66. This is the fastest growing plant in the garden.
67. He is the nicest boss I’ve ever worked for.
68. This is the cheapest flight I could find.
69. She is the prettiest dancer at the event.
70. This is the safest route to take.
71. He is the funniest guy in the office.
72. This is the darkest cave we’ve explored.
73. She is the quietest child in the classroom.
74. This is the brightest star in the sky.
75. He is the richest person in the city.
76. This is the fastest service I’ve ever experienced.
77. She is the hardest worker in the company.
78. This is the longest bridge in the state.
79. He is the saddest character in the movie.
80. This is the tallest mountain in the range.
81. She is the coolest student in the school.
82. This is the smallest package they offer.
83. He is the lightest boxer in his category.
84. This is the cleanest room in the house.
85. She is the strongest woman I know.
86. This is the easiest recipe I’ve tried.
87. He is the funniest actor in the film.
88. This is the brightest moment of my day.
89. She is the best singer in the competition.
90. This is the worst experience of my life.
91. He is the oldest member of the group.
92. This is the newest model on the market.
93. She is the shortest dancer in the troupe.
94. This is the hardest substance known to man.
95. He is the richest entrepreneur in the industry.
96. This is the safest car available.
97. She is the tallest woman in the office.
98. This is the funniest episode of the series.
99. He is the busiest person I know.
100. This is the quietest moment I’ve had all day.

b. So sánh nhất với tính từ dài

Với tính từ dài, chúng ta dùng “the most” trước tính từ để thể hiện tính chất cao nhất.

Ví dụ:

• beautiful → “She is the most beautiful girl in the class.” (Cô ấy là cô gái đẹp nhất trong lớp.)
• interesting → “This is the most interesting movie I’ve ever seen.” (Đây là bộ phim thú vị nhất mà tôi từng xem.)

1. She is the most beautiful girl in the school.
2. This is the most interesting book I’ve ever read.
3. He is the most intelligent person in the company.
4. This is the most exciting movie I’ve seen this year.
5. She is the most confident speaker in the group.
6. This is the most important decision of my life.
7. He is the most talented artist in the gallery.
8. This is the most expensive restaurant in town.
9. She is the most creative designer I’ve worked with.
10. This is the most difficult task on the list.
11. He is the most ambitious student in the class.
12. This is the most dangerous sport I know.
13. She is the most generous person I’ve ever met.
14. This is the most complex problem we’ve faced.
15. He is the most reliable friend I have.
16. This is the most delicious meal I’ve had in a long time.
17. She is the most famous actress in the country.
18. This is the most luxurious hotel in the city.
19. He is the most charismatic leader I’ve seen.
20. This is the most thoughtful gift I’ve ever received.
21. She is the most dedicated worker in the office.
22. This is the most comfortable chair in the house.
23. He is the most experienced doctor in the hospital.
24. This is the most challenging project I’ve worked on.
25. She is the most passionate teacher I know.
26. This is the most relaxing vacation I’ve ever had.
27. He is the most respected politician in the country.
28. This is the most enjoyable concert I’ve attended.
29. She is the most knowledgeable expert in the field.
30. This is the most supportive team I’ve been part of.
31. He is the most adventurous traveler I know.
32. This is the most valuable lesson I’ve learned.
33. She is the most caring nurse in the hospital.
34. This is the most incredible view I’ve ever seen.
35. He is the most famous scientist in history.
36. This is the most peaceful place I’ve ever been to.
37. She is the most optimistic person I’ve ever met.
38. This is the most influential book in my collection.
39. He is the most serious student in the class.
40. This is the most detailed report I’ve ever read.
41. She is the most independent person in her family.
42. This is the most stressful job I’ve ever had.
43. He is the most determined athlete on the team.
44. This is the most rewarding experience of my life.
45. She is the most organized person in the office.
46. This is the most unpredictable weather I’ve seen.
47. He is the most polite student in the class.
48. This is the most reasonable solution we’ve found.
49. She is the most helpful colleague I’ve ever worked with.
50. This is the most creative solution to the problem.
51. He is the most inspirational speaker I’ve ever heard.
52. This is the most educational program on TV.
53. She is the most adventurous woman I know.
54. This is the most relaxing music I’ve ever listened to.
55. He is the most generous donor to the charity.
56. This is the most impressive presentation I’ve seen.
57. She is the most empathetic listener in the group.
58. This is the most professional team I’ve worked with.
59. He is the most mysterious person I’ve met.
60. This is the most innovative idea I’ve heard.
61. She is the most compassionate doctor in the clinic.
62. This is the most organized event I’ve attended.
63. He is the most hardworking student in the class.
64. This is the most entertaining game I’ve played.
65. She is the most thoughtful leader I’ve known.
66. This is the most impressive monument I’ve visited.
67. He is the most disciplined athlete on the team.
68. This is the most unforgettable trip of my life.
69. She is the most successful entrepreneur I know.
70. This is the most heartbreaking story I’ve heard.
71. He is the most determined person I’ve ever met.
72. This is the most popular TV show in the country.
73. She is the most talented singer in the competition.
74. This is the most unique piece of art in the gallery.
75. He is the most patient teacher I’ve ever had.
76. This is the most advanced technology available.
77. She is the most optimistic person I’ve ever met.
78. This is the most refreshing drink I’ve ever tasted.
79. He is the most generous host at the party.
80. This is the most spacious room in the house.
81. She is the most punctual employee in the office.
82. This is the most memorable day of my life.
83. He is the most ambitious entrepreneur in the industry.
84. This is the most accurate information we have.
85. She is the most fashionable woman at the event.
86. This is the most productive meeting we’ve had.
87. He is the most dependable colleague I’ve worked with.
88. This is the most fascinating documentary I’ve seen.
89. She is the most skilled chef in the restaurant.
90. This is the most secure system we’ve developed.
91. He is the most loyal friend I’ve ever had.
92. This is the most vibrant community in the city.
93. She is the most resourceful person in the team.
94. This is the most spectacular sunset I’ve ever witnessed.
95. He is the most courageous firefighter in the department.
96. This is the most convenient location for the office.
97. She is the most determined athlete in the competition.
98. This is the most insightful article I’ve read.
99. He is the most knowledgeable professor at the university.
100. This is the most thrilling adventure of my life.

Lưu ý: Các tính từ bất quy tắc cũng có dạng so sánh nhất riêng:

• good → the best → “He is the best student in the class.”
• bad → the worst → “This is the worst mistake I’ve ever made.”

Một số lưu ý khi dùng so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất

• Tính từ có 2 âm tiết: Với những tính từ có 2 âm tiết kết thúc bằng “y”, chúng ta đổi “y” thành “i” rồi thêm “-er” (so sánh hơn) hoặc “-est” (so sánh nhất). Ví dụ:
  • happy → happier → the happiest
• Danh từ và đại từ: Thường sau “than” trong cấu trúc so sánh hơn, chúng ta dùng đại từ nhân xưng ở dạng tân ngữ (me, him, her). Ví dụ: “She is taller than me.” (Cô ấy cao hơn tôi.)

So sánh hơn và so sánh nhất là hai dạng so sánh quan trọng trong tiếng Anh. Việc nắm vững các quy tắc và cấu trúc này không chỉ giúp bạn nói và viết chính xác hơn mà còn giúp bạn diễn đạt được ý so sánh một cách rõ ràng và mạch lạc.