Động từ “to be” và 100 câu luyện tập

Động từ “to be” là một trong những động từ quan trọng nhất và được sử dụng phổ biến trong tiếng Anh. Nó không chỉ xuất hiện trong các câu cơ bản mà còn đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc diễn tả trạng thái, hành động, và sự hiện hữu của một chủ thể. Trong bài viết này, chúng ta sẽ tìm hiểu chi tiết về động từ “to be”, cách chia động từ này ở các thì khác nhau và cách sử dụng trong câu.

Học bài cũ: Articles: “A, An, The” và 100 bài luyện tập

Khái niệm và vai trò của động từ “to be”

Động từ “to be” có nghĩa là “là”, “thì”, hoặc “ở” trong tiếng Việt, và thường dùng để mô tả sự hiện diện, trạng thái, hoặc bản chất của một chủ ngữ. Nó có thể được sử dụng như một động từ chính hoặc trợ động từ.

Ví dụ:

• She is a teacher. (Cô ấy là giáo viên.)
• They are at home. (Họ đang ở nhà.)

Chia động từ “to be” theo thì

Động từ “to be” có nhiều dạng khác nhau tùy thuộc vào thì và chủ ngữ trong câu. Dưới đây là cách chia động từ “to be” ở một số thì phổ biến:

2.1. Thì hiện tại đơn (Present Simple)

• Chủ ngữ số ít (I, he, she, it): am/is
• Chủ ngữ số nhiều (we, you, they): are

Ví dụ:

• I am a student. (Tôi là học sinh.)
• He is tired. (Anh ấy mệt.)
• They are friends. (Họ là bạn bè.)

2.2. Thì quá khứ đơn (Past Simple)

• Chủ ngữ số ít: was
• Chủ ngữ số nhiều: were

Ví dụ:

• She was at school yesterday. (Cô ấy đã ở trường hôm qua.)
• We were happy. (Chúng tôi đã rất vui.)

2.3. Thì tương lai đơn (Future Simple)

Dạng tương lai của “to be” được tạo ra bằng cách sử dụng will be cho tất cả các chủ ngữ.

Ví dụ:

• I will be at the meeting tomorrow. (Tôi sẽ có mặt tại cuộc họp vào ngày mai.)
• They will be famous. (Họ sẽ nổi tiếng.)

Cách sử dụng động từ “to be”

3.1. Diễn tả trạng thái hoặc tình huống

Động từ “to be” thường được sử dụng để miêu tả một trạng thái hoặc tình huống hiện tại, quá khứ hoặc tương lai.

Ví dụ:

• The sky is blue. (Bầu trời màu xanh.)
• He was sick last week. (Anh ấy đã bị ốm tuần trước.)

3.2. Diễn tả nghề nghiệp, quốc tịch hoặc giới tính

“To be” được sử dụng để nói về nghề nghiệp, quốc tịch hoặc giới tính của ai đó.

Ví dụ:

• She is a doctor. (Cô ấy là bác sĩ.)
• We are Vietnamese. (Chúng tôi là người Việt Nam.)

3.3. Làm trợ động từ trong câu bị động

Trong câu bị động, “to be” đóng vai trò trợ động từ, giúp tạo thành cấu trúc của thì bị động.

Ví dụ:

• The book was written by J.K. Rowling. (Cuốn sách được viết bởi J.K. Rowling.)

3.4. Dùng trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi

Để tạo câu phủ định với “to be”, ta thêm “not” vào sau động từ. Còn trong câu hỏi, “to be” đứng trước chủ ngữ.

Ví dụ:

• She is not at home. (Cô ấy không ở nhà.)
• Are they students? (Họ có phải là học sinh không?)

Một số lưu ý khi sử dụng động từ “to be”

• Khi dùng “to be”, cần chú ý tới sự phù hợp giữa động từ và chủ ngữ về số ít và số nhiều.
• Trong giao tiếp thông thường, người ta thường rút gọn “to be” và chủ ngữ (I’m, you’re, he’s, they’re).

Bài tập thực hành

Dưới đây là một số bài tập để bạn thực hành sử dụng động từ “to be”:

Điền dạng đúng của “to be” vào chỗ trống:

1. I ___ a teacher.
2. They ___ at home last night.
3. She ___ not in class today.
4. He ___ very tired.
5. We ___ friends since childhood.
6. You ___ not late yesterday.
7. The cat ___ under the table.
8. John and Mary ___ not here last week.
9. My parents ___ at the airport.
10. The weather ___ cold today.
11. He ___ not at the office this morning.
12. The children ___ in the garden.
13. I ___ very hungry after school.
14. She ___ a nurse at the hospital.
15. They ___ not in the library.
16. We ___ at the restaurant last night.
17. The book ___ on the shelf.
18. He ___ not home when I called.
19. I ___ excited about the trip.
20. They ___ in the cinema yesterday.
21. You ___ not ready for the exam.
22. She ___ a good student.
23. My car ___ not in the garage.
24. The meeting ___ very long.
25. We ___ happy to see them.
26. The dog ___ not in the yard.
27. I ___ not aware of the situation.
28. They ___ at the party last night.
29. He ___ a great singer.
30. The food ___ delicious.
31. We ___ not sure about the plan.
32. She ___ late for the meeting.
33. They ___ not at school today.
34. I ___ not tired after work.
35. He ___ at the gym this morning.
36. The movie ___ very interesting.
37. We ___ not in the park yesterday.
38. You ___ my best friend.
39. The house ___ not very big.
40. The train ___ late.
41. I ___ at the concert last week.
42. They ___ not in the hotel.
43. She ___ a member of the club.
44. The flowers ___ beautiful.
45. He ___ not in the mood to talk.
46. We ___ on vacation last summer.
47. You ___ not responsible for the mistake.
48. The room ___ too small.
49. The kids ___ at school today.
50. I ___ not afraid of heights.
51. They ___ not on time for the meeting.
52. He ___ the best player on the team.
53. The sky ___ clear this morning.
54. We ___ excited for the holiday.
55. She ___ not available at the moment.
56. The project ___ almost finished.
57. I ___ at the doctor’s office yesterday.
58. They ___ very busy last week.
59. He ___ not a fan of spicy food.
60. The cake ___ delicious.
61. We ___ not prepared for the event.
62. You ___ in a hurry this morning.
63. The beach ___ very crowded.
64. I ___ not feeling well today.
65. They ___ not at the beach last weekend.
66. She ___ in her room studying.
67. The music ___ too loud.
68. We ___ not at the meeting.
69. He ___ a famous actor.
70. The chairs ___ uncomfortable.
71. I ___ very happy with the results.
72. They ___ not in the office.
73. She ___ at the store earlier.
74. The team ___ successful this season.
75. He ___ not invited to the party.
76. We ___ very close friends.
77. The street ___ quiet at night.
78. I ___ not interested in sports.
79. They ___ late for the bus.
80. She ___ a talented artist.
81. The coffee ___ too hot.
82. We ___ not at the same hotel.
83. You ___ not there when it happened.
84. The lesson ___ very difficult.
85. He ___ at home all day.
86. The store ___ not open yet.
87. I ___ ready to leave.
88. They ___ at the airport this morning.
89. She ___ not upset about the news.
90. The weather ___ perfect for a picnic.
91. We ___ very busy with work.
92. The window ___ not closed.
93. He ___ on a business trip.
94. I ___ not familiar with this topic.
95. They ___ at the museum yesterday.
96. She ___ not feeling well yesterday.
97. The event ___ a huge success.
98. We ___ not available next week.
99. The soup ___ too salty.
100. I ___ a student when I first moved here.

Đáp án

1. I am a teacher.
2. They were at home last night.
3. She is not in class today.
4. He is very tired.
5. We have been friends since childhood.
6. You were not late yesterday.
7. The cat is under the table.
8. John and Mary were not here last week.
9. My parents are at the airport.
10. The weather is cold today.
11. He was not at the office this morning.
12. The children are in the garden.
13. I am very hungry after school.
14. She is a nurse at the hospital.
15. They are not in the library.
16. We were at the restaurant last night.
17. The book is on the shelf.
18. He was not home when I called.
19. I am excited about the trip.
20. They were in the cinema yesterday.
21. You are not ready for the exam.
22. She is a good student.
23. My car is not in the garage.
24. The meeting was very long.
25. We are happy to see them.
26. The dog is not in the yard.
27. I was not aware of the situation.
28. They were at the party last night.
29. He is a great singer.
30. The food is delicious.
31. We are not sure about the plan.
32. She was late for the meeting.
33. They are not at school today.
34. I am not tired after work.
35. He was at the gym this morning.
36. The movie was very interesting.
37. We were not in the park yesterday.
38. You are my best friend.
39. The house is not very big.
40. The train was late.
41. I was at the concert last week.
42. They are not in the hotel.
43. She is a member of the club.
44. The flowers are beautiful.
45. He is not in the mood to talk.
46. We were on vacation last summer.
47. You are not responsible for the mistake.
48. The room is too small.
49. The kids are at school today.
50. I am not afraid of heights.
51. They were not on time for the meeting.
52. He is the best player on the team.
53. The sky is clear this morning.
54. We are excited for the holiday.
55. She is not available at the moment.
56. The project is almost finished.
57. I was at the doctor’s office yesterday.
58. They were very busy last week.
59. He is not a fan of spicy food.
60. The cake is delicious.
61. We were not prepared for the event.
62. You were in a hurry this morning.
63. The beach is very crowded.
64. I am not feeling well today.
65. They were not at the beach last weekend.
66. She is in her room studying.
67. The music is too loud.
68. We were not at the meeting.
69. He is a famous actor.
70. The chairs are uncomfortable.
71. I am very happy with the results.
72. They are not in the office.
73. She was at the store earlier.
74. The team was successful this season.
75. He was not invited to the party.
76. We are very close friends.
77. The street is quiet at night.
78. I am not interested in sports.
79. They were late for the bus.
80. She is a talented artist.
81. The coffee is too hot.
82. We were not at the same hotel.
83. You were not there when it happened.
84. The lesson was very difficult.
85. He was at home all day.
86. The store is not open yet.
87. I am ready to leave.
88. They were at the airport this morning.
89. She was not upset about the news.
90. The weather is perfect for a picnic.
91. We are very busy with work.
92. The window is not closed.
93. He is on a business trip.
94. I am not familiar with this topic.
95. They were at the museum yesterday.
96. She was not feeling well yesterday.
97. The event was a huge success.
98. We are not available next week.
99. The soup is too salty.
100. I was a student when I first moved here.

Động từ “to be” là một phần không thể thiếu trong ngữ pháp tiếng Anh. Việc nắm vững cách sử dụng và chia động từ này sẽ giúp bạn cải thiện kỹ năng giao tiếp và viết lách.