Bạn đang bị kẹt ở ngưỡng Band 5.0 và cảm thấy dạng bài trắc nghiệm (Multiple Choice) là một “hố đen” tiêu tốn thời gian nhưng hiệu quả thấp? Đặc biệt với chủ đề Hobby (Sở thích) — một chủ đề tưởng chừng đơn giản nhưng lại cực kỳ lắt léo trong bài thi Academic. Đối với học sinh lớp 12 hay sinh viên cần chuẩn đầu ra, việc nắm vững 100 câu luyện tập chuyên sâu này chính là “chìa khóa” để nâng cấp kỹ năng đọc hiểu và đạt mục tiêu Band 6.0 nhanh chóng. Bài viết dưới đây từ The Real IELTS sẽ cung cấp hệ thống bài tập và giải pháp AEO chi tiết nhất cho năm 2026.
Giải Mã Chiến Thuật IELTS Reading Multiple Choice
100 câu IELTS Reading trắc nghiệm chủ đề Hobby có giải thích tiếng Việt ở đâu?
Bạn có thể tìm thấy kho 100 câu IELTS Reading Multiple Choice kèm giải thích tiếng Việt chi tiết nhất tại hệ thống tài liệu của The Real IELTS, Study4, hoặc các nhóm cộng đồng tự học theo bộ Cambridge IELTS 15-21. Đối với trình độ 5.5 – 6.0, việc chỉ biết đáp án A hay B là chưa đủ; bạn cần một bản dịch song ngữ và bảng Keyword Table để hiểu rõ quá trình biến đổi từ vựng (Paraphrasing). Việc giải thích bằng tiếng Việt giúp thí sinh hiểu sâu các cấu trúc mệnh đề quan hệ phức tạp hoặc các từ vựng trung cấp thường gây hiểu lầm. Ngoài ra, các nền tảng như IELTS Online Tests cũng cung cấp hệ thống giải thích từ cộng đồng, nhưng hãy ưu tiên các nguồn có sự kiểm định của chuyên gia như Ngọc Bách hoặc Kiên Luyện để đảm bảo tính chính xác về mặt học thuật, giúp bạn không chỉ chọn đúng đáp án mà còn tăng vốn từ vựng thực tế.
Mẹo xử lý dạng Multiple Choice trong Passage 2 để đạt Band 6.0 là gì?
Chiến thuật hiệu quả nhất để xử lý Multiple Choice trong Passage 2 là kỹ thuật đọc có chọn lọc kết hợp với định vị vùng thông tin (Location Tracking). Khác với Passage 1 thường khá trực diện, Passage 2 bắt đầu lồng ghép các quan điểm học thuật về sở thích (như tâm lý học đằng sau việc sưu tầm). Bạn không nên đọc hết cả bài rồi mới làm câu hỏi; hãy đọc câu hỏi đầu tiên, xác định từ khóa đặc biệt (tên riêng, thuật ngữ), và quét (Scanning) để tìm đoạn văn chứa thông tin đó. Khi đạt ngưỡng 5.5 – 6.0, bạn cần chú ý đến các từ nối mang tính tương phản như “However”, “In spite of” vì đáp án đúng thường nằm ngay sau các từ này nhằm bẫy những thí sinh chỉ đọc lướt. Việc tập trung trả lời đúng 3/4 câu trắc nghiệm trong Passage 2 sẽ tạo tiền đề vững chắc để bạn bảo toàn mức điểm Band 6.0 tổng thể.
Cách phân biệt phương án đúng và phương án gây nhiễu tinh vi nhất?
Để phân biệt phương án đúng với các “Distractors” (phương án gây nhiễu), bạn phải sử dụng phương pháp đối chiếu sự trùng khớp về nghĩa (Meaning Matching) thay vì trùng khớp về mặt chữ. Phương án gây nhiễu tinh vi thường chứa 100% từ vựng có trong bài đọc nhưng lại sai lệch về mối quan hệ nhân quả hoặc sai về hạn định (ví dụ: bài nói “một số” nhưng đáp án nói “tất cả”). Phương án đúng thường được diễn đạt lại (Paraphrased) bằng những từ đồng nghĩa hoàn toàn khác. Ví dụ, nếu bài đọc nói về việc “giảm căng thẳng thông qua sở thích”, đáp án đúng có thể dùng cụm “mitigating anxiety via leisure pursuits”. Nếu bạn thấy một lựa chọn quá giống với một câu trong bài, hãy cực kỳ cảnh giác vì đó thường là bẫy cho những người có thói quen “so chữ tìm hình”.
Những từ vựng IELTS chủ đề Hobby ở mức độ Band 6.0 cần nắm vững?
Ở mức độ 5.5 – 6.0, từ vựng chủ đề Hobby & Leisure không còn đơn giản là “play” hay “like”. Bạn cần làm chủ các thực thể ngôn ngữ mang tính học thuật và chính xác hơn như: Leisure pursuits (hoạt động giải trí), Occupational therapy (trị liệu nghề nghiệp/sở thích), Gratification (sự hài lòng), Sedentary lifestyle (lối sống ít vận động), Cognitive development (phát triển nhận thức). Các từ vựng này thường xuất hiện trong các bài đọc về tác động của sở thích đối với não bộ hoặc sức khỏe tâm thần. Việc sử dụng các công cụ như Anki hay Quizlet để học các bộ từ vựng từ Vocabulary for IELTS sẽ giúp bạn nhận diện nhanh hơn khi làm bài. Ngoài ra, việc hiểu các sắc thái của từ như “obsession” (ám ảnh) khác với “passion” (đam mê) cũng giúp bạn loại trừ đáp án sai một cách thuyết phục hơn trong các câu hỏi về thái độ tác giả.
Tại sao đáp án Multiple Choice thường nằm theo thứ tự trong bài đọc?
Đáp án của dạng bài Multiple Choice trong IELTS Reading đại đa số trường hợp sẽ tuân theo trình tự xuất hiện của thông tin trong văn bản. Điều này có nghĩa là thông tin cho câu hỏi số 2 sẽ nằm phía sau thông tin của câu hỏi số 1. Đây là một quy luật “vàng” giúp thí sinh quản lý thời gian và định vị vùng thông tin hiệu quả. Nếu bạn đã tìm thấy đáp án câu 1 ở đoạn A và câu 3 ở đoạn C, chắc chắn đáp án câu 2 phải nằm đâu đó ở giữa đoạn A và C. Tuy nhiên, hãy lưu ý một ngoại lệ hiếm gặp: các câu hỏi kiểm tra “Ý nghĩa tổng quát của cả bài” (thường là câu cuối cùng của dạng Multiple Choice) sẽ yêu cầu bạn phải tổng hợp thông tin từ toàn bộ Passage thay vì một điểm cụ thể. Nắm vững quy luật thứ tự giúp bạn không phải đọc đi đọc lại những đoạn đã qua, tiết kiệm thời gian cho các phần khó hơn.
Làm thế nào để không bị lừa bởi các từ hạn định trong câu hỏi trắc nghiệm?
Các từ hạn định (Qualifiers) như always, never, most, few, some, only là những “cạm bẫy” chết người khiến thí sinh Band 5.5 thường xuyên mất điểm. Cách tốt nhất để không bị lừa là luôn khoanh tròn các từ hạn định trong cả câu hỏi và 4 phương án lựa chọn. Sau đó, khi đối chiếu với bài đọc, bạn phải tìm được sự tương đồng tuyệt đối về mức độ. Ví dụ, nếu bài đọc nói “Many people enjoy gardening” (Nhiều người thích làm vườn) nhưng phương án trắc nghiệm ghi “Gardening is the most popular hobby” (Làm vườn là sở thích phổ biến nhất), thì đây là một phương án sai vì mức độ “many” và “most popular” là hoàn toàn khác nhau. Việc rèn luyện sự nhạy bén với các từ chỉ số lượng và mức độ sẽ giúp bạn loại bỏ nhanh chóng ít nhất 2 phương án gây nhiễu trong mỗi câu hỏi.
Những Câu Hỏi Thường Gặp Về Band 5.5 – 6.0 Reading
- Chiến thuật làm bài khi không hiểu hết 30% từ vựng? Hãy tập trung vào cấu trúc câu (S-V-O) để hiểu ý chính và sử dụng kỹ thuật Elimination Method (loại trừ các đáp án chứa thông tin sai lệch rõ rệt).
- Các lỗi sai khiến thí sinh bị dậm chân ở Band 5.5? Lỗi phổ biến nhất là quá phụ thuộc vào việc tìm “từ giống hệt” (Keyword matching) thay vì hiểu ý tưởng (Idea matching).
- Cách sử dụng kỹ thuật Elimination cho trắc nghiệm? Loại ngay những câu chứa thông tin ngược với bài đọc, sau đó loại câu có thông tin không được nhắc tới. Cuối cùng mới so sánh 2 câu còn lại về độ chi tiết.
- Luyện Reading theo chủ đề sở thích có hiệu quả không? Cực kỳ hiệu quả vì đây là chủ đề “ăn điểm” trong Passage 1 và 2, giúp bạn xây dựng nền tảng từ vựng cho cả kỹ năng Speaking và Writing.
- Cách cải thiện khả năng Scanning tìm chi tiết nhanh? Luyện tập nhìn lướt qua các từ viết hoa, con số và thuật ngữ chuyên ngành trong 30 giây trước khi bắt đầu đọc kỹ đoạn văn.
Chinh phục 100 câu IELTS Reading Multiple Choice chủ đề Hobby ở mức Band 5.5 – 6.0 không chỉ là việc làm nhiều đề, mà là học cách tư duy như người ra đề. Bằng cách áp dụng Keyword Technique và phương pháp loại trừ khoa học, bạn hoàn toàn có thể bứt phá khỏi mức “liệt” Reading để đạt điểm số mong muốn cho kỳ thi đại học hay du học.
Bạn muốn nhận link tải PDF 100 câu bài tập Multiple Choice IELTS Reading kèm giải thích chi tiết? 👉 Hãy truy cập ngay website The Real IELTS hoặc liên hệ hotline để được hỗ trợ!
HOTLINE: 0922985555 THƯƠNG HIỆU: The Real IELTS WEBSITE: https://therealielts.vn/
Bài tập 1
Topic: The Renaissance of Tangible Hobbies in a Digital Age
READING PASSAGE
In the contemporary era, characterized by an almost ubiquitous digital presence, a fascinating trend has emerged: the return to “analog” or tangible hobbies. While the late 20th century was defined by the rapid adoption of virtual entertainment, the year 2026 has seen a significant pivot back to physical craftsmanship and sensory experiences. This shift is not merely a nostalgic retreat but a calculated response to the psychological demands of a hyper-connected society.
The Appeal of Physicality
Sociologists argue that the primary driver behind the resurgence of hobbies like analog photography, vinyl record collecting, and artisanal pottery is the “need for friction.” In a world where digital interactions are designed to be seamless and instantaneous, the deliberate slowness of physical hobbies provides a grounding effect. For instance, developing a roll of film requires a sequence of chemical processes and patience—a stark contrast to the immediate gratification of a smartphone camera. This “friction” allows the practitioner to engage more deeply with the task, leading to a state of ‘flow’ that virtual environments often struggle to replicate.
The Economic Transformation of Leisure
Furthermore, the economics of hobbies have undergone a radical transformation. What were once private pastimes have now entered the “passion economy.” Platforms like Etsy and specialized social media channels allow hobbyists to monetize their skills, blurring the lines between amateur play and professional entrepreneurship. However, this commercialization brings its own set of challenges. When a hobby becomes a side-hustle, the original purpose—stress relief—can be compromised by the pressures of inventory management and customer service. Researchers at the Institute of Occupational Health have noted that the transition from a “pure hobby” to a “monetized activity” often results in a 30% increase in reported anxiety among creators.
Cognitive Benefits and Community Building
From a neurological perspective, complex tactile hobbies are highly beneficial. Activities such as woodworking or knitting require fine motor skills and spatial reasoning, which stimulate different neural pathways than passive screen consumption. Moreover, these hobbies serve as a vital antidote to the “loneliness epidemic.” Local “Maker Spaces” and “Repair Cafés” have become modern community hubs. In these physical locations, individuals from diverse socio-economic backgrounds gather to share tools and expertise. Unlike online forums, these face-to-face interactions foster a stronger sense of social cohesion and mutual trust, which are essential for community resilience.
The Environmental Dimension
Interestingly, the modern hobbyist is increasingly motivated by sustainability. The “Right to Repair” movement has turned fixing broken household items into a popular weekend pursuit. Instead of discarding faulty electronics, enthusiasts meet at community workshops to restore them. This shift away from “disposable culture” represents a broader change in consumer values. By investing time in repairing or creating their own goods, individuals develop a more profound connection to their possessions, reducing the overall environmental footprint of their leisure time.
Conclusion
Ultimately, the survival and growth of traditional hobbies in a digital world prove that humans have an innate desire for tangible creation. Whether it is the tactile sensation of clay or the rhythmic clicking of a mechanical typewriter, these activities provide a sense of agency and identity. As we navigate the complexities of 2026, hobbies remain a crucial sanctuary for the human spirit, offering a balance between the efficiency of technology and the authenticity of physical labor.
QUESTIONS 1 – 20
Instructions: Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.
- What does the writer suggest about the return to analog hobbies in the first paragraph?A. It is a sign that people are rejecting all modern technology.B. It is a way for people to cope with the pressures of being constantly connected.C. It is a trend that will likely disappear by the end of 2026.D. it is driven mostly by people’s desire to live in the past.
- According to sociologists, what is “friction” in the context of hobbies?A. The conflict between different hobbyist groups.B. The difficulty of finding materials for physical crafts.C. A deliberate process that slows down interaction and increases focus.D. The technical problems that occur when using old cameras.
- The writer compares smartphone cameras with film photography to show:A. Why digital photography is superior in 2026.B. The difference in the speed of gratification.C. How expensive analog hobbies have become.D. That smartphones cannot take high-quality images.
- What is a potential negative effect of the “passion economy”?A. It makes it harder for people to find high-quality handmade goods.B. It increases the cost of raw materials like clay and wood.C. It can turn a relaxing activity into a source of stress.D. It prevents young people from entering professional careers.
- According to research, monetizing a hobby may lead to:A. A significant decrease in the quality of the products.B. Better time management skills for the creator.C. A 30% rise in feelings of anxiety.D. More free time for the individual.
- What is a neurological benefit of hobbies like woodworking?A. They help the brain ignore digital distractions.B. They use neural pathways different from those used for screens.C. They improve a person’s ability to multitask.D. They eliminate the need for physical exercise.
- How do “Maker Spaces” differ from online forums?A. They are more expensive to join.B. They only allow experts to participate.C. They provide more effective face-to-face social bonding.D. They focus only on repairing electronics.
- The “Right to Repair” movement is linked to:A. The desire to save money during an economic crisis.B. A shift towards more sustainable consumer habits.C. A requirement for all manufacturers to provide free tools.D. The popularity of high-tech household gadgets.
- Why do people in community workshops fix old electronics?A. Because new electronics are unavailable in 2026.B. To reduce waste and avoid a “disposable culture.”C. To practice their skills for a future job.D. Because old electronics are more reliable.
- What does the writer conclude about the role of hobbies today?A. They are becoming less important as AI improves.B. They provide a necessary balance to our technological lives.C. They should be taught more strictly in schools.D. They are only useful for people with high levels of stress.
- The word “ubiquitous” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to:A. Very expensive.B. Found everywhere.C. Highly dangerous.D. Rarely seen.
- In paragraph 2, the word “gratification” refers to:A. The cost of a product.B. The feeling of satisfaction.C. The quality of a photo.D. The speed of a chemical process.
- According to the text, “Maker Spaces” promote:A. Economic competition.B. Social cohesion.C. Individual isolation.D. Digital literacy.
- The writer uses the term “side-hustle” to describe:A. A hobby that has been turned into a small business.B. A professional job that requires a lot of travel.C. A type of physical exercise.D. A dishonest way of earning money.
- What does the phrase “disposable culture” imply?A. A culture that values recycling.B. A society where items are used briefly and thrown away.C. A community that produces no waste.D. A hobby that involves collecting trash.
- Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a tactile hobby?A. Knitting.B. Woodworking.C. Video gaming.D. Pottery.
- The writer believes that traditional hobbies provide a sense of “agency,” which means:A. Being part of a large organization.B. Having the power to act and make choices.C. Earning a high salary.D. Being able to travel internationally.
- What is the “loneliness epidemic” mentioned in the text?A. A physical disease spread in cities.B. A widespread feeling of social isolation in modern society.C. A lack of interest in joining online forums.D. The reason why people prefer digital hobbies.
- “Vinyl record collecting” is an example of:A. An analog hobby.B. A virtual interest.C. A sustainable movement.D. A side-hustle.
- The general tone of the passage is:A. Critical and pessimistic.B. Analytical and supportive.C. Sarcastic and humorous.D. Purely scientific.
ANSWER KEY & EXPLANATIONS
Đáp án (Answer Key)
- B | 2. C | 3. B | 4. C | 5. C | 6. B | 7. C | 8. B | 9. B | 10. B
- B | 12. B | 13. B | 14. A | 15. B | 16. C | 17. B | 18. B | 19. A | 20. B
Giải thích chi tiết (Detailed Explanations)
- Q1: Đoạn 1 nêu đây là “calculated response to the psychological demands of a hyper-connected society” -> Giải pháp cho áp lực kết nối.
- Q2: “Friction” được giải thích là “deliberate slowness” (sự chậm rãi có chủ đích) giúp con người tập trung sâu hơn.
- Q5: Văn bản dẫn chứng số liệu “30% increase in reported anxiety” khi chuyển từ sở thích thuần túy sang kiếm tiền.
- Q11: “Ubiquitous” là một từ học thuật cực kỳ phổ biến trong IELTS, nghĩa là “có mặt ở khắp mọi nơi”.
- Q17: “Agency” trong ngữ cảnh này là khả năng tự chủ, tự mình làm chủ hành động và sáng tạo của cá nhân.
THỐNG KÊ TỪ VỰNG MỚI (VOCABULARY STATISTICS)
Tổng số từ vựng học thuật quan trọng: 15 từ
| Từ vựng | Loại từ | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Tầm quan trọng trong IELTS |
| Ubiquitous | Adj | Phổ biến khắp nơi | Thường dùng trong chủ đề Technology/Media. |
| Resurgence | Noun | Sự trỗi dậy/Hồi sinh | Mô tả các xu hướng xã hội hoặc kinh tế. |
| Tangible | Adj | Hữu hình/Có thể chạm được | Đối lập với “virtual” hoặc “abstract”. |
| Gratification | Noun | Sự hài lòng/Thỏa mãn | Hay đi kèm với “immediate” (tức thì). |
| Monetize | Verb | Kiếm tiền từ cái gì đó | Chủ đề Business/Digital Economy. |
| Cohesion | Noun | Sự gắn kết | Thường dùng trong cụm “social cohesion”. |
| Antidote | Noun | Thuốc giải/Cách khắc phục | Nghĩa bóng: giải pháp cho một vấn đề tiêu cực. |
| Resilience | Noun | Sự kiên cường/Khả năng phục hồi | Mô tả cộng đồng hoặc tâm lý cá nhân. |
| Sustainability | Noun | Sự bền vững | Chủ đề Environment (cực kỳ quan trọng). |
| Anticipate | Verb | Dự đoán/Mong đợi | Dùng trong Writing Task 2 rất nhiều. |
| Antiquated | Adj | Cổ xưa/Lỗi thời | Từ nâng cao thay thế cho “very old”. |
| Entrepreneurship | Noun | Khởi nghiệp/Kinh doanh | Chủ đề Economics/Career. |
| Compromise | Verb | Làm tổn hại/Thỏa hiệp | Nghĩa trong bài là “làm yếu đi” mục đích ban đầu. |
| Antipathy | Noun | Sự ác cảm | (Từ mở rộng) mô tả thái độ trong các bài Discursive. |
| Antagonism | Noun | Sự đối kháng | Dùng để mô tả xung đột ý kiến. |
Tại sao những từ này quan trọng? Ở Band 5.5 – 6.0, bạn không chỉ cần hiểu nghĩa mặt chữ mà phải hiểu được nuance (sắc thái) của từ trong ngữ cảnh. Ví dụ, từ “Compromise” thường được biết đến là “thỏa hiệp”, nhưng trong Reading IELTS, nó thường mang nghĩa tiêu cực là “làm hại đến” một giá trị nào đó. Việc nắm vững các từ như “Ubiquitous” hay “Resilience” sẽ giúp bạn xử lý các bài đọc Section 2 và 3 nhanh hơn đáng kể.
Bài tập 2
The Therapeutic and Socio-Economic Dimensions of Leisure
In the contemporary era, the distinction between labor and leisure has become increasingly blurred. Historically, a hobby was perceived as a secondary pursuit—a marginal activity relegated to the periphery of a productive life. However, modern psychological discourse now identifies “serious leisure” as a fundamental pillar of mental resilience. As professional environments become more competitive and digitally invasive, the deliberate engagement in a non-obligatory activity serves as a vital counterweight to the phenomenon of workplace burnout.
One of the primary cognitive benefits of a dedicated hobby is the attainment of a state known as ‘flow’. Coined by psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, this refers to a period of intense concentration where an individual becomes so absorbed in a task that their sense of time and self-consciousness disappears. Whether it is the intricate movements required in pottery or the analytical rigor of playing chess, these activities stimulate the brain’s executive functions. Unlike the passive consumption of entertainment, such as scrolling through social media, active hobbies demand a “cognitive investment” that strengthens neural plasticity and staves off age-related mental decline.
Furthermore, the socio-economic landscape of hobbies has undergone a radical transformation due to the advent of the “passion economy.” In previous decades, hobbyists were often isolated or limited to local enthusiasts. The digital revolution has dismantled these geographical barriers, allowing niche subcultures to flourish globally. For many, what begins as a weekend diversion—such as artisanal soap making or digital illustration—can transition into a “side hustle.” While this “monetization of play” provides financial autonomy for some, critics warn that it may erode the intrinsic joy of the activity. When a hobby becomes a source of income, the external pressure to perform can replicate the very stress it was originally intended to alleviate.
There is also a significant physiological dimension to leisure choices. “Green exercise,” or physical activity performed in natural environments, has seen a massive surge in popularity. Activities like trail running, bird watching, or community gardening are no longer just aesthetic choices; they are evidence-based interventions for reducing cortisol levels—the body’s primary stress hormone. The “biophilia hypothesis” suggests that humans possess an innate tendency to seek connections with nature and other forms of life. Consequently, hobbies that facilitate this connection are often reported to be the most restorative.
Despite these advantages, the “barrier to entry” for certain hobbies remains a point of sociological debate. High-cost activities like equestrian sports or scuba diving can inadvertently reinforce class distinctions. Conversely, the rise of “open-source” hobbies—like coding or street photography—has democratized skill-building. These accessible pursuits allow individuals from diverse backgrounds to acquire high-level competencies without the need for expensive formal education. In conclusion, while the nature of hobbies continues to evolve with technology and economy, their core value remains constant: providing a sense of agency and personal fulfillment in an increasingly automated world.
Questions 1 – 20
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
- What was the traditional view of hobbies mentioned in the first paragraph?A. They were seen as more important than work.B. They were considered minor activities at the edge of life.C. They were used to train people for professional careers.D. They were only available to the wealthy elite.
- In the modern era, “serious leisure” is identified as:A. A cause of workplace stress.B. A way to increase professional competition.C. A basic requirement for mental strength.D. A method for tracking digital activity.
- The term “workplace burnout” is used to describe:A. A physical fire in an office.B. Extreme exhaustion caused by work.C. The process of hiring new employees.D. A period of high productivity.
- According to the second paragraph, the state of ‘flow’ leads to:A. A better understanding of social media trends.B. An increased awareness of the passage of time.C. The loss of self-consciousness during a task.D. A desire to stop working entirely.
- How do active hobbies differ from “passive consumption”?A. They are usually more expensive.B. They require mental effort and investment.C. They are only performed at night.D. They decrease neural plasticity.
- The author mentions “pottery” and “chess” to illustrate:A. Hobbies that are becoming unpopular.B. Activities that require intense concentration and skill.C. The best ways to make money online.D. Hobbies that are easy for children to learn.
- What is the “passion economy”?A. A system where people trade items for free.B. An economy based on people making money from their hobbies.C. A government program to support local sports.D. A theory about historical trading routes.
- How has the digital revolution changed the lives of hobbyists?A. It has forced them to stay at home more.B. It has broken down geographical limits for small groups.C. It has made traditional hobbies disappear.D. It has made it harder to find niche communities.
- The term “side hustle” refers to:A. A professional sport.B. A secondary way of earning money.C. A type of physical exercise.D. A conflict between two coworkers.
- What is a potential disadvantage of “monetizing” a hobby?A. It makes the hobby too easy.B. It might destroy the natural enjoyment of the activity.C. It requires too much high-tech equipment.D. It prevents people from making new friends.
- Critics believe that turning a hobby into a job can:A. Increase the person’s creativity.B. Create the same stress that the hobby used to fix.C. Help people retire earlier.D. Reduce the need for digital tools.
- What does the “biophilia hypothesis” suggest?A. Humans are afraid of the natural world.B. Humans have an inborn need to connect with nature.C. Technology is the most important part of evolution.D. Plants grow better when humans are nearby.
- Why is “green exercise” mentioned?A. To encourage people to save more money.B. To show how nature-based activity lowers stress hormones.C. To explain why gardening is a difficult task.D. To criticize people who do not exercise.
- Cortisol is identified in the text as:A. A vitamin found in vegetables.B. The primary hormone responsible for stress.C. A type of high-energy fuel.D. A specialized muscle group.
- What is the sociological concern regarding equestrian sports?A. They are too dangerous for young people.B. They might reinforce social class differences.C. They do not provide enough exercise.D. They are not popular in the digital age.
- “Open-source” hobbies like coding are praised for:A. Being very expensive and exclusive.B. Making skill-building accessible to everyone.C. Requiring a university degree to start.D. Focusing only on historical facts.
- The word “democratized” in paragraph 5 suggests that:A. Everyone has an equal opportunity to participate.B. Only politicians can enjoy these hobbies.C. The hobbies are becoming more difficult.D. People must vote on which hobby is best.
- The author concludes that despite changes, the “core value” of hobbies is:A. Helping people work longer hours.B. Providing personal fulfillment and control.C. Encouraging people to buy more products.D. Making the world more automated.
- The phrase “barrier to entry” refers to:A. A physical gate in a stadium.B. Factors that make it difficult to start an activity.C. The end of a competition.D. A type of legal contract.
- Which word is a synonym for “alleviate” as used in paragraph 3?A. Increase.B. Reduce.C. Understand.D. Ignore.
ANSWER KEY & EXPLANATIONS (ĐÁP ÁN & GIẢI THÍCH)
| Câu | Đáp án | Giải thích chi tiết |
| 1 | B | Đoạn 1: “Historically, a hobby was perceived as a secondary pursuit—a marginal activity…” |
| 2 | C | Đoạn 1: “…modern psychological discourse now identifies ‘serious leisure’ as a fundamental pillar of mental resilience.” |
| 3 | B | Burnout là tình trạng kiệt sức do quá tải (thường gặp trong môi trường làm việc). |
| 4 | C | Đoạn 2: “individual becomes so absorbed… their sense of time and self-consciousness disappears.” |
| 5 | B | Đoạn 2: “active hobbies demand a ‘cognitive investment’…” trái ngược với “passive consumption”. |
| 6 | B | Tác giả dùng pottery (làm gốm) và chess (cờ vua) làm ví dụ cho các hoạt động cần sự tập trung cao. |
| 7 | B | Đoạn 3: “passion economy” liên quan đến việc kiếm tiền (transition into a side hustle) từ đam mê. |
| 8 | B | Đoạn 3: “digital revolution has dismantled these geographical barriers…” |
| 9 | B | “Side hustle” là công việc phụ để kiếm thêm thu nhập ngoài công việc chính. |
| 10 | B | Đoạn 3: “…critics warn that it may erode the intrinsic joy of the activity.” |
| 11 | B | Đoạn 3: “…replicate the very stress it was originally intended to alleviate.” |
| 12 | B | Đoạn 4: “…humans possess an innate tendency to seek connections with nature…” |
| 13 | B | Đoạn 4: “…evidence-based interventions for reducing cortisol levels…” |
| 14 | B | Đoạn 4: “…cortisol levels—the body’s primary stress hormone.” |
| 15 | B | Đoạn 5: “High-cost activities… can inadvertently reinforce class distinctions.” |
| 16 | B | Đoạn 5: “…has democratized skill-building… allow individuals from diverse backgrounds to acquire high-level competencies.” |
| 17 | A | “Democratize” (dân chủ hóa) có nghĩa là làm cho cái gì đó trở nên dễ tiếp cận với tất cả mọi người. |
| 18 | B | Đoạn cuối: “…core value remains constant: providing a sense of agency and personal fulfillment…” |
| 19 | B | Rào cản gia nhập (chi phí, kỹ năng khó…) khiến một người khó bắt đầu sở thích đó. |
| 20 | B | Alleviate (giảm bớt/làm nhẹ bớt) được dùng để nói về việc giảm căng thẳng (reduce stress). |
NEW VOCABULARY STATISTICS (THỐNG KÊ TỪ VỰNG)
Trong bài đọc Band 5.5 – 6.0 này, có 22 từ vựng học thuật quan trọng. Dưới đây là những từ thiết yếu nhất:
- Distinction (n): Sự phân biệt/khác biệt.
- Resilience (n): Khả năng phục hồi/kiên cường.
- Invasive (adj): Xâm lấn (nghĩa bóng: làm phiền, can thiệp quá sâu).
- Attainment (n): Sự đạt được.
- Intricate (adj): Phức tạp, tỉ mỉ.
- Stave off (v): Ngăn chặn (một điều xấu).
- Dismantle (v): Tháo dỡ, triệt tiêu (rào cản).
- Diversion (n): Sự giải trí, trò tiêu khiển.
- Autonomy (n): Sự tự chủ.
- Intrinsic (adj): (Thuộc) bản chất, nội tại.
- Alleviate (v): Làm nhẹ bớt, giảm bớt.
- Physiological (adj): (Thuộc) sinh lý học.
- Innate (adj): Bẩm sinh.
- Inadvertently (adv): Vô tình, không cố ý.
- Democratize (v): Dân chủ hóa (làm cho phổ biến/dễ tiếp cận).
- Competency (n): Năng lực, khả năng.
Tại sao những từ này quan trọng?
Ở mức Band 6.0, bạn không chỉ cần hiểu từ đơn lẻ mà còn phải hiểu các collocations (cụm từ đi kèm) mang tính học thuật như “mental resilience” hay “intrinsic joy”. Những từ này thường xuất hiện trong Reading Section 2 & 3 và rất hữu ích để nâng điểm Lexical Resource trong bài viết Task 2.
Bài tập 3
The Multifaceted Nature of Modern Leisure
In the contemporary era, the distinction between professional obligations and personal interests is becoming increasingly sophisticated. While the term ‘hobby’ traditionally referred to simple pastimes like stamp collecting or model building, modern leisure activities have evolved into complex pursuits that offer profound psychological benefits and social connectivity. For the modest user, understanding how these activities impact mental health and social structures is essential for grasping the nuances of modern life.
The Psychological Anchor
For many individuals, a hobby serves as a vital psychological anchor. In an age characterized by high-intensity work environments, the ability to disconnect is paramount. Engaging in creative endeavors such as pottery, painting, or playing a musical instrument allows for a phenomenon known as ‘cognitive shifting.’ This process involves moving the brain’s focus from stressful, analytical work tasks to more intuitive, creative processes. Research suggests that this shift can lower cortisol levels—the hormone associated with stress—and stimulate the production of dopamine, which enhances mood. Furthermore, the concept of ‘serious leisure’ has emerged, describing hobbies that require significant effort and skill acquisition. Unlike ‘casual leisure,’ such as watching television, serious leisure provides a deeper sense of fulfillment and long-term identity.
Physicality and the Outdoors
The trend toward outdoor hobbies has seen a significant resurgence in recent years. Activities such as trail running, bird watching, and ‘wild swimming’ have gained popularity as people seek to escape urban confinement. These pursuits offer a dual benefit: physical exertion and a connection with the natural world. Biophilia, the innate human tendency to seek connections with nature, suggests that spending time in green spaces can improve attention spans and reduce symptoms of anxiety. In particular, gardening has been recognized not just as a means of food production, but as a therapeutic tool. The rhythmic nature of weeding, planting, and pruning provides a form of ‘moving meditation’ that helps individuals stay grounded in the present moment.
The Social Fabric of Hobbies
Beyond individual benefits, hobbies are instrumental in weaving the social fabric of communities. Shared interests often transcend cultural and linguistic barriers, allowing people from diverse backgrounds to interact on common ground. For instance, the rise of ‘Maker Spaces’—communal workshops where people share tools and knowledge—has fostered a new era of collaborative creativity. Similarly, sports clubs and gaming communities provide a sense of belonging that is often missing in digitized societies. These groups offer social support networks that can be crucial during difficult life transitions. Even solitary hobbies, such as reading, have found a social outlet through digital platforms and book clubs, proving that the desire for connection is a fundamental driver of leisure.
Economic and Professional Implications
Interestingly, the skills acquired through hobbies are increasingly being recognized in the professional sphere. Employers often value ‘transferable skills’ such as patience, problem-solving, and dedication, which are developed through long-term commitment to a hobby. A dedicated woodworker, for example, demonstrates meticulous attention to detail and planning—traits that are highly desirable in project management. Moreover, the ‘monetization’ of hobbies via the internet has led to the rise of the ‘passion economy.’ While this allows individuals to earn income from what they love, it also risks turning a source of relaxation into a source of pressure, highlighting the delicate balance required to maintain the original joy of the activity.
QUESTIONS 1 – 20
Instructions: Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.
- What does the author suggest about modern hobbies in the first paragraph?A. They are much simpler than they used to be.B. They have become more complex and offer deeper benefits.C. They are losing their popularity due to work obligations.D. They are only focused on collecting physical items.
- The term ‘cognitive shifting’ refers to:A. Moving from one office to another.B. Changing focus from stressful work to creative tasks.C. Forgetting all professional skills.D. Learning how to use a computer for the first time.
- According to the text, what is a physical effect of engaging in a creative hobby?A. It increases cortisol levels significantly.B. It prevents the brain from producing dopamine.C. It can lower stress hormones and improve mood.D. It makes the person feel more analytical.
- How does ‘serious leisure’ differ from ‘casual leisure’?A. It requires less effort and time.B. It involves watching television for long periods.C. It requires significant skill and provides a sense of identity.D. It is only done by people who are retired.
- What is ‘wild swimming’ an example of?A. A digital hobby.B. A professional obligation.C. An outdoor activity gaining popularity.D. A form of analytical work.
- The concept of ‘Biophilia’ suggests that humans:A. Have a natural desire to connect with nature.B. Prefer living in crowded urban environments.C. Should avoid green spaces to reduce anxiety.D. Are naturally afraid of outdoor activities.
- Gardening is described as a ‘moving meditation’ because:A. It involves sitting still for many hours.B. It requires moving to a new house.C. Its rhythmic tasks help people stay focused on the present.D. It is a very fast-paced and stressful activity.
- According to the passage, ‘Maker Spaces’ are important because they:A. Are expensive places to buy new furniture.B. Encourage collaborative creativity and sharing.C. Only allow professional engineers to enter.D. Discourage people from talking to each other.
- What can hobbies do for people from different cultures?A. Create new linguistic barriers.B. Help them interact on common ground.C. Make them stay within their own social groups.D. Increase the sense of loneliness in society.
- The author mentions that solitary hobbies like reading:A. Are becoming extinct because of the internet.B. Can now be shared through social outlets and digital platforms.C. Should only be done in complete silence.D. Do not provide any sense of connection.
- What are ‘transferable skills’?A. Skills that can only be used in one specific hobby.B. Abilities like patience and problem-solving used in different areas of life.C. Skills that are impossible to learn after the age of 20.D. Money that is transferred between bank accounts.
- A dedicated woodworker is used as an example of someone who:A. Lacks attention to detail.B. Has skills that are not useful in a professional environment.C. Shows traits that are desirable in project management.D. Should quit their job to work in a forest.
- The ‘passion economy’ refers to:A. People giving away their products for free.B. Making money from hobbies through the internet.C. A government tax on all leisure activities.D. The cost of buying expensive sports equipment.
- What is a potential risk of ‘monetizing’ a hobby?A. It will become too relaxing.B. It might turn a source of joy into a source of pressure.C. It will make the person stop using the internet.D. It will lead to a loss of all professional skills.
- The word ‘paramount’ in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to:A. Optional.B. Extremely important.C. Very fast.D. Quite boring.
- The author describes ‘casual leisure’ as being:A. Highly fulfilling.B. Similar to watching television.C. Requiring great dedication.D. Better than serious leisure.
- Green spaces are said to improve:A. Cortisol production.B. Attention spans and anxiety levels.C. Professional obligations.D. Urban confinement.
- Social support networks are particularly helpful during:A. Fun parties.B. Difficult life transitions.C. Watching television alone.D. Analytical work tasks.
- The text suggests that modern hobbies have ‘evolved’ from:A. Simple pastimes to complex pursuits.B. Digital platforms to traditional crafts.C. Professional jobs to simple tasks.D. Global communities to solitary activities.
- What is the overall tone of the passage?A. Critically negative about modern technology.B. Purely scientific and full of math.C. Informative and appreciative of the role of hobbies.D. Warning people to avoid having any hobbies.
ANSWER KEY & EXPLANATIONS (TIẾNG VIỆT)
Đáp án:
- B | 2. B | 3. C | 4. C | 5. C | 6. A | 7. C | 8. B | 9. B | 10. B
- B | 12. C | 13. B | 14. B | 15. B | 16. B | 17. B | 18. B | 19. A | 20. C
Giải thích chi tiết:
- Câu 2: ‘Cognitive shifting’ được định nghĩa ngay sau đó: “moving the brain’s focus from stressful… to creative processes.”
- Câu 11: ‘Transferable skills’ được giải thích là các kỹ năng như kiên nhẫn, giải quyết vấn đề… có thể áp dụng vào môi trường chuyên nghiệp.
- Câu 15: ‘Paramount’ có nghĩa là tối quan trọng, đồng nghĩa với “Extremely important”.
- Câu 19: Đoạn 1 nêu: “…traditionally referred to simple pastimes… evolved into complex pursuits.”
NEW VOCABULARY STATISTICS
Total key words: 15
| Từ vựng | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Tại sao quan trọng (Band 5.5 – 6.0) |
| Multifaceted | Nhiều mặt/khía cạnh | Dùng để mô tả các vấn đề phức tạp trong bài viết. |
| Obligation | Nghĩa vụ/Bổn phận | Thường dùng để đối lập với “leisure” (giải trí). |
| Paramount | Tối quan trọng | Từ vựng thay thế cho “very important” ở level cao hơn. |
| Cognitive | Thuộc về nhận thức | Xuất hiện dày đặc trong các bài Reading về tâm lý/não bộ. |
| Endeavor | Sự nỗ lực/Sự cố gắng | Danh từ trang trọng thay cho “effort” hoặc “activity”. |
| Acquisition | Sự đạt được/Sự học hỏi | Thường đi với “skill acquisition” (việc học kỹ năng). |
| Resurgence | Sự hồi sinh/Trỗi dậy | Dùng để chỉ một xu hướng quay trở lại sau một thời gian. |
| Exertion | Sự gắng sức | Đặc biệt dùng cho vận động thể chất (physical exertion). |
| Innate | Bẩm sinh | Từ vựng mô tả bản chất tự nhiên của con người. |
| Transcend | Vượt qua | Dùng khi nói về việc vượt qua rào cản (văn hóa, ngôn ngữ). |
| Instrumental | Góp phần quan trọng | Thay thế cho “important in doing something”. |
| Meticulous | Tỉ mỉ/Kỹ lưỡng | Tính từ cực hay để mô tả tính cách hoặc cách làm việc. |
| Monetization | Sự tiền tệ hóa/Kiếm tiền | Thuật ngữ về kinh tế/mạng xã hội hiện đại. |
| Nuance | Sắc thái | Dùng để chỉ những chi tiết nhỏ nhưng quan trọng. |
| Fulfillment | Sự mãn nguyện | Cảm giác đạt được thành tựu sau khi nỗ lực. |
Bài tập 4
The Therapeutic and Cognitive Dimensions of Leisure
In the fast-paced landscape of the 21st century, the distinction between labor and leisure has become a focal point for sociological study. Historically, a hobby was often dismissed as a mere “pastime”—a trivial way to occupy the hours between shifts at a factory or office. However, contemporary research in psychology and neuroscience suggests that these activities are far from superficial. Instead, they serve as vital mechanisms for cognitive maintenance and emotional regulation, providing a necessary counterweight to the sedentary and often repetitive nature of modern employment.
One of the most profound concepts associated with hobby-based engagement is the “flow state,” a term coined by psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. This phenomenon describes a state of effortless concentration where an individual becomes so absorbed in an activity that their sense of time and self-consciousness vanishes. Achieving flow is not limited to high-stakes professional endeavors; it is frequently found in “hands-on” hobbies such as woodworking, knitting, or playing a musical instrument. These activities require a balance between challenge and skill, which keeps the brain in a state of “active rest.” Unlike passive consumption, such as watching television, active hobbies stimulate the neuroplasticity of the brain, encouraging the growth of new neural pathways even in adulthood.
The social implications of hobbies are equally significant. In an era increasingly defined by “digital atomization”—where individuals are connected online but isolated physically—communal hobbies act as a crucial social lubricant. Amateur sports leagues, choir groups, and community gardening projects offer a unique space for “intergenerational bridging.” In these environments, a twenty-year-old student and a sixty-year-old retiree might collaborate on a shared goal, breaking down social hierarchies that typically exist in the workplace. This fosters social cohesion and reduces the feelings of loneliness that have become an epidemic in urban centers.
Furthermore, the rise of the “serious leisure” perspective has blurred the lines between amateurism and professionalism. Serious leisure refers to the systematic pursuit of an amateur, hobbyist, or volunteer activity that is sufficiently substantial and interesting for the participant to find a “career” there in the acquisition and expression of a combination of its special skills, knowledge, and experience. This is evident in the “citizen science” movement, where birdwatchers or amateur astronomers contribute high-quality data to global scientific databases. These hobbyists often possess a level of expertise that rivals professionals, proving that passion can be a powerful driver for intellectual contribution.
However, the modern era has also introduced the “hustle culture” trap, where individuals feel pressured to monetize their hobbies. With the advent of social media and e-commerce platforms, a relaxing weekend painting session can quickly transform into a stressful freelance business. Sociologists warn that “commodifying” leisure can lead to burnout. When the primary motivation shifts from internal satisfaction to external financial gain, the psychological benefits of the hobby—such as stress reduction and creative freedom—often diminish. The pressure to produce “marketable” content can strip an activity of its meditative qualities.
In conclusion, hobbies are not merely a luxury for those with excess time; they are a fundamental requirement for a healthy mind and a connected society. Whether it is through the quiet discipline of a craft or the vibrant energy of a team sport, leisure pursuits allow individuals to reclaim their identity in a world that often defines them solely by their economic output.
Questions 1 – 20
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.
- How did people historically perceive hobbies?A. As a vital part of cognitive health.B. As unimportant activities used to fill time.C. As a primary source of household income.D. As a requirement for social status.
- What does contemporary research suggest about hobbies?|A. They are becoming more repetitive.B. They are essential for emotional and mental balance.C. They are less important than they were in the past.D. They are only beneficial for people in manual labor jobs.
- The “flow state” is characterized by:A. A feeling of extreme physical exhaustion.B. A loss of the sense of time due to deep focus.C. The ability to multitask effectively.D. A high level of self-consciousness.
- Why are “hands-on” hobbies like woodworking beneficial for the brain?A. They allow the brain to shut down completely.B. They provide a balance between difficulty and ability.C. They are less challenging than watching television.D. They prevent neuroplasticity from occurring.
- How do active hobbies differ from “passive consumption”?A. They are more expensive to maintain.B. They promote the growth of new neural pathways.C. They are usually done in total silence.D. They require less concentration.
- What does the author mean by “digital atomization”?A. The improvement of internet speeds worldwide.B. The use of technology to build physical communities.C. A state where people are online but physically alone.D. The process of learning computer programming.
- Communal hobbies are described as a “social lubricant” because they:A. Help people avoid meeting strangers.B. Make social interactions easier and more natural.C. Are only available in urban centers.D. Require people to use specific equipment.
- What is a benefit of “intergenerational bridging” in hobbies?A. It encourages people to retire earlier.B. It allows different age groups to work together as equals.C. It reinforces strict hierarchies found in offices.D. It limits hobbies to university students only.
- The term “serious leisure” refers to activities where people:A. Only participate for one hour a year.B. Work toward gaining specific skills and expertise over time.C. Spend a lot of money without learning anything.D. Try to avoid any form of professional career.
- How do “citizen scientists” contribute to the scientific world?A. By replacing professional scientists in laboratories.B. By providing valuable data through their hobbies.C. By selling expensive equipment to universities.D. By writing fictional stories about stars and birds.
- According to the text, what is the “hustle culture” trap?A. The tendency to sleep less to work more.B. The pressure to turn a relaxing hobby into a source of money.C. The refusal to use social media for any purpose.D. A lack of interest in any leisure activities.
- What can happen when a hobby is “commodified”?A. It becomes more relaxing for the individual.B. It can lead to burnout and less internal satisfaction.C. It guarantees a successful freelance career.D. It increases the creative freedom of the artist.
- Why might social media be negative for a hobbyist?A. It makes it too easy to find new ideas.B. It creates pressure to produce content that others will buy.C. It stops people from taking any photos at all.D. It is too expensive for most people to use.
- What is the “primary motivation” for a healthy hobby?A. External financial rewards.B. Internal satisfaction and joy.C. Gaining more followers on e-commerce platforms.D. Meeting famous professionals.
- What does the author conclude about the role of hobbies?A. They are a luxury that most people cannot afford.B. They are necessary for maintaining one’s identity.C. They should be limited to team sports only.D. They are only useful for their economic output.
- The word “superficial” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to:A. Important.B. Deep.C. Shallow or lacking depth.D. Expensive.
- Which of the following is an example of an “active hobby” mentioned?A. Watching television.B. Scrolling through social media.C. Playing a musical instrument.D. Working in a factory.
- What does “neuroplasticity” relate to?A. The brain’s ability to change and adapt.B. A type of plastic used in modern toys.C. A physical disease caused by lack of exercise.D. The process of forgetting old memories.
- In the context of the passage, “burnout” is a result of:A. Exercising too much in a team sport.B. The stress of turning leisure into a job.C. Spending too much time in a “flow state.”D. Not having enough work-life balance.
- What is the overall purpose of this passage?A. To criticize people who do not have hobbies.B. To explain the psychological and social importance of leisure.C. To provide a guide on how to start a woodworking business.D. To argue that professional science is better than citizen science.
ANSWER KEY & EXPLANATIONS
Đáp án và Giải thích
- B. Đoạn 1: “…dismissed as a mere ‘pastime’—a trivial way to occupy the hours…” (trivial = không quan trọng).
- B. Đoạn 1: “…serve as vital mechanisms for cognitive maintenance and emotional regulation…”
- B. Đoạn 2: “…individual becomes so absorbed… that their sense of time… vanishes.”
- B. Đoạn 2: “…require a balance between challenge and skill…”
- B. Đoạn 2: “…active hobbies stimulate the neuroplasticity of the brain…”
- C. Đoạn 3: “…where individuals are connected online but isolated physically…”
- B. Đoạn 3: Mô tả communal hobbies là “social lubricant” (chất bôi trơn xã hội) giúp gắn kết mọi người.
- B. Đoạn 3: “…twenty-year-old student and a sixty-year-old retiree might collaborate on a shared goal, breaking down social hierarchies…”
- B. Đoạn 4: “…acquisition and expression of a combination of its special skills, knowledge, and experience.”
- B. Đoạn 4: “…contribute high-quality data to global scientific databases.”
- B. Đoạn 5: “…individuals feel pressured to monetize their hobbies.”
- B. Đoạn 5: “…commodifying leisure can lead to burnout… reduce the inherent joy…”
- B. Đoạn 5: “The pressure to produce ‘marketable’ content can strip an activity of its meditative qualities.”
- B. Đoạn 5: Đối lập giữa “internal satisfaction” (động lực chính) và “external financial gain”.
- B. Đoạn cuối: “…allow individuals to reclaim their identity…”
- C. Trong ngữ cảnh “far from superficial”, từ này có nghĩa là nông cạn/hời hợt.
- C. Đoạn 2 liệt kê woodworking, knitting, hoặc playing a musical instrument.
- A. Đoạn 2: “…stimulate the neuroplasticity… encouraging the growth of new neural pathways.”
- B. Đoạn 5: Liên kết việc “commodifying leisure” với “burnout”.
- B. Bài viết mang tính nghị luận, phân tích đa chiều về lợi ích của sở thích đối với cá nhân và xã hội.
NEW VOCABULARY STATISTICS
Bài đọc ở trình độ 5.5 – 6.0 sử dụng nhiều từ vựng mang tính học thuật và trừu tượng hơn.
Total New Key Words: 10
| Từ vựng | Phiên âm | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Tầm quan trọng trong IELTS |
| Cognitive | /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ | Thuộc về nhận thức | Rất hay gặp trong các bài về Giáo dục/Tâm lý. |
| Neuroplasticity | /ˌnjʊərəʊplæˈstɪsəti/ | Khả năng thích nghi của não | Từ chuyên ngành thường xuất hiện trong Section 3. |
| Atomization | /ˌætəmaɪˈzeɪʃn/ | Sự phân mảnh/cô lập | Dùng để mô tả các hiện tượng xã hội hiện đại. |
| Communal | /kəˈmjuːnl/ | Thuộc về cộng đồng | Từ đồng nghĩa cao cấp hơn của “group/public”. |
| Intergenerational | /ˌɪntədʒenəˈreɪʃənl/ | Giữa các thế hệ | Chủ đề phổ biến về Xã hội học (Sociology). |
| Hierarchy | /ˈhaɪərɑːki/ | Hệ thống cấp bậc | Dùng trong chủ đề Công việc/Xã hội. |
| Systematic | /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk/ | Có hệ thống | Tính từ mô tả phương pháp làm việc khoa học. |
| Monetize | /ˈmʌnɪtaɪz/ | Tiền tệ hóa/Kiếm tiền từ | Từ vựng cực “hot” trong các bài đọc về Kinh tế/Công nghệ. |
| Burnout | /ˈbɜːnaʊt/ | Sự kiệt sức | Thường dùng để nói về áp lực công việc/học tập. |
| Commodifying | /kəˈmɒdəfaɪɪŋ/ | Thương mại hóa | Biến một giá trị tinh thần thành hàng hóa. |
Advice for Band 5.5 – 6.0: At this level, don’t just look at the word; look at the collocation (how words go together), such as “foster social cohesion” or “cognitive maintenance.” This will help your Writing as well!
Bài tập 5
The Evolution of Leisure: Why Hobbies Matter More Than Ever
A In contemporary society, a hobby is generally understood as a regular activity performed for enjoyment during one’s leisure time, rather than for financial reward. However, the concept of engaging in pastimes purely for pleasure is a relatively modern phenomenon. In pre-industrial societies, the vast majority of people dedicated their waking hours to survival. Activities that we might classify as hobbies today, such as gardening, sewing, or woodworking, were essential daily tasks rather than recreational pursuits. It was only with the advent of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries, which introduced regulated working hours and machinery that reduced heavy physical labor, that the middle class began to experience a new concept: free time.
B As the concept of leisure time grew, so did the psychological study of how humans utilize it. Modern psychologists emphasize that hobbies are not merely ways to pass the time; they are fundamental to maintaining mental health. Engaging in a pleasurable pastime stimulates the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with reward and happiness. Furthermore, deeply engaging in a complex hobby can induce a psychological state known as “flow,” a concept popularized by psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. When in a state of flow, individuals become so immersed in an activity that they lose track of time and external worries. This profound level of concentration provides a crucial mental break from the chronic stress and multitasking demanded by modern workplaces.
C Beyond psychological relief, hobbies offer significant cognitive benefits. Learning a new skill—whether it is playing the piano, mastering a new language, or understanding the strategies of chess—promotes neuroplasticity. This is the brain’s ability to form new neural connections throughout life. For older adults, engaging in intellectually stimulating hobbies has been shown to delay the onset of cognitive decline and reduce the risk of diseases such as dementia. Physical hobbies, such as hiking, swimming, or even amateur dancing, contribute equally to well-being by combating the health issues associated with the sedentary lifestyles of modern office workers.
D The social dimension of hobbies is another vital factor in their enduring appeal. Humans are inherently social creatures, yet the nature of modern urbanization often leaves individuals feeling isolated. Hobbies serve as a natural catalyst for community building. Joining a local book club, a community choir, or a weekend sports league provides individuals with a sense of belonging and an opportunity to meet people outside of their immediate professional or familial circles. In recent decades, the internet has revolutionized this social aspect. Individuals with niche or highly specialized interests, such as collecting vintage typewriters or restoring antique clocks, can now easily find and connect with thousands of like-minded enthusiasts globally through online forums and social media platforms.
E Despite the multitude of benefits, the 21st century has seen a shift in how hobbies are perceived, largely due to the rise of the “side hustle” culture. Driven by increasing living costs and the pervasive influence of social media, many individuals are now encouraged to monetize their hobbies. A passionate home baker might feel pressured to start an online cake delivery service, while a talented amateur photographer might begin charging for weekend portrait sessions. While turning a passion into a source of income can be financially rewarding, psychologists warn of the potential downsides.
F The primary danger of monetizing a hobby is the shift from intrinsic to extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation involves doing an activity simply because it is inherently enjoyable. Extrinsic motivation, on the other hand, involves doing an activity to earn a reward or avoid punishment. When a hobby becomes a business, it inevitably introduces deadlines, customer expectations, and financial pressures. The activity that once provided a sanctuary from stress can quickly become a source of anxiety, leading to a phenomenon known as “hustle burnout.”
G In conclusion, while the nature of hobbies has evolved significantly from necessary survival skills to digital community building and potential business ventures, their core purpose remains vital. They provide a necessary counterbalance to the demands of professional life. To truly reap the psychological, cognitive, and social benefits of a pastime, experts suggest that individuals must fiercely protect their leisure time. It is crucial to maintain at least one activity that is pursued entirely for the joy of the process, free from the pressure of productivity or financial gain.
Questions 1-20
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.
1. According to Paragraph A, how were activities like gardening and sewing viewed in pre-industrial societies?
A. As enjoyable ways to spend free time.
B. As essential tasks required for daily survival.
C. As activities only for the wealthy middle class.
D. As early forms of the modern “side hustle”.
2. What historical event led to the emergence of “free time” for the middle class?
A. The invention of the internet.
B. The rise of social media platforms.
C. The Industrial Revolution.
D. The discovery of neuroplasticity.
3. What does dopamine do when a person engages in a hobby, according to Paragraph B?
A. It causes the brain to lose track of time.
B. It acts as a neurotransmitter linked to happiness and reward.
C. It increases chronic stress and anxiety.
D. It helps people multitask better at work.
4. Who is credited with popularizing the concept of “flow”?
A. A community choir leader.
B. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi.
C. Pre-industrial workers.
D. Modern office workers.
5. Which of the following best describes the state of “flow”?
A. A state of intense stress and worry.
B. A feeling of isolation in modern cities.
C. Being so deeply immersed in an activity that time is forgotten.
D. The process of earning money from a hobby.
6. Why is a mental break important for people today?
A. Because they need to learn how to knit.
B. Because modern workplaces demand chronic stress and multitasking.
C. Because it helps them sleep longer at night.
D. Because they need to travel more often.
7. According to Paragraph C, what does learning a new skill promote?
A. Extrinsic motivation.
B. Neuroplasticity.
C. Hustle burnout.
D. Sedentary lifestyles.
8. What is a specific benefit of intellectually stimulating hobbies for older adults?
A. They help older adults find new jobs easily.
B. They delay cognitive decline and reduce dementia risk.
C. They increase physical strength and stamina.
D. They force older adults to use social media.
9. How do physical hobbies combat health issues?
A. By replacing the need for healthy eating.
B. By encouraging people to sit at their desks more.
C. By countering the effects of sedentary office lifestyles.
D. By making people wealthy enough to buy medicine.
10. What negative feeling does modern urbanization often cause, according to Paragraph D?
A. A sense of belonging.
B. A feeling of isolation.
C. Extreme happiness.
D. Intrinsic motivation.
11. How do hobbies help with the problem of urban isolation?
A. They encourage people to stay inside their homes.
B. They serve as a catalyst for building communities.
C. They make people work longer hours at the office.
D. They force people to move back to the countryside.
12. What role has the internet played in the world of hobbies?
A. It has made hobbies much more expensive.
B. It has destroyed local book clubs and choirs.
C. It allows people with rare interests to connect globally.
D. It has stopped people from collecting vintage items.
13. In Paragraph E, what shift in the 21st century is discussed regarding hobbies?
A. People are stopping all hobbies to work more.
B. People are encouraged to make money from their hobbies.
C. People only want to play physical sports now.
D. People no longer use the internet for hobbies.
14. What are the two main factors driving the “side hustle” culture?
A. Extrinsic motivation and neuroplasticity.
B. Increasing living costs and the influence of social media.
C. Decreasing living costs and lack of jobs.
D. The Industrial Revolution and heavy machinery.
15. What is intrinsic motivation?
A. Doing an activity to earn money.
B. Doing an activity to avoid being punished by a boss.
C. Doing an activity simply because it is naturally enjoyable.
D. Doing an activity to become famous on the internet.
16. What happens when a relaxing hobby is turned into a business?
A. It removes all financial pressure from the person’s life.
B. It guarantees that the person will become extremely wealthy.
C. It introduces deadlines, customer expectations, and stress.
D. It increases intrinsic motivation.
17. What is “hustle burnout”?
A. A feeling of exhaustion and anxiety when a hobby becomes stressful work.
B. A state of deep concentration where you forget about time.
C. The physical tiredness after playing a weekend sport.
D. The failure of a social media platform.
18. According to the conclusion, what is the core purpose of hobbies today?
A. To prepare people for survival in the wilderness.
B. To create as many business ventures as possible.
C. To provide a counterbalance to the demands of professional life.
D. To replace traditional full-time jobs.
19. What do experts suggest individuals must “fiercely protect”?
A. Their online forums and passwords.
B. Their leisure time.
C. Their business profits.
D. Their professional networks.
20. What is the author’s final recommendation for a balanced life?
A. You should try to monetize every skill you learn.
B. You must keep at least one activity purely for joy, not for profit.
C. You should only choose hobbies that improve your physical health.
D. You must share all your hobbies on social media.
ANSWER KEY & EXPLANATIONS
Bảng Đáp Án
| Q | Ans | Q | Ans | Q | Ans | Q | Ans |
| 1 | B | 6 | B | 11 | B | 16 | C |
| 2 | C | 7 | B | 12 | C | 17 | A |
| 3 | B | 8 | B | 13 | B | 18 | C |
| 4 | B | 9 | C | 14 | B | 19 | B |
| 5 | C | 10 | B | 15 | C | 20 | B |
Giải Thích Chi Tiết (Vietnamese)
1. B
- Vị trí thông tin: Đoạn A – “…gardening, sewing, or woodworking, were essential daily tasks rather than recreational pursuits.”
- Giải thích: Trong xã hội tiền công nghiệp, các hoạt động này là nhiệm vụ thiết yếu để sinh tồn hàng ngày (essential daily tasks), không phải để giải trí.
2. C
- Vị trí thông tin: Đoạn A – “It was only with the advent of the Industrial Revolution… that the middle class began to experience a new concept: free time.”
- Giải thích: Cuộc Cách mạng Công nghiệp (Industrial Revolution) là sự kiện mang lại khái niệm “thời gian rảnh” cho tầng lớp trung lưu.
3. B
- Vị trí thông tin: Đoạn B – “…stimulates the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with reward and happiness.”
- Giải thích: Dopamine đóng vai trò là một chất dẫn truyền thần kinh liên quan đến phần thưởng và niềm hạnh phúc.
4. B
- Vị trí thông tin: Đoạn B – “…a psychological state known as ‘flow,’ a concept popularized by psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi.”
- Giải thích: Nhà tâm lý học Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi là người đã phổ biến khái niệm “flow” (dòng chảy).
5. C
- Vị trí thông tin: Đoạn B – “When in a state of flow, individuals become so immersed in an activity that they lose track of time…”
- Giải thích: Trạng thái “flow” là khi một người đắm chìm sâu vào hoạt động đến mức quên đi thời gian.
6. B
- Vị trí thông tin: Đoạn B – “This profound level of concentration provides a crucial mental break from the chronic stress and multitasking demanded by modern workplaces.”
- Giải thích: Sự nghỉ ngơi tinh thần quan trọng vì nơi làm việc hiện đại đòi hỏi phải làm việc đa nhiệm và gây ra căng thẳng mãn tính.
7. B
- Vị trí thông tin: Đoạn C – “Learning a new skill… promotes neuroplasticity.”
- Giải thích: Việc học một kỹ năng mới thúc đẩy tính dẻo dai của não bộ (neuroplasticity – khả năng hình thành các kết nối nơ-ron mới).
8. B
- Vị trí thông tin: Đoạn C – “For older adults, engaging in intellectually stimulating hobbies has been shown to delay the onset of cognitive decline and reduce the risk of diseases such as dementia.”
- Giải thích: Sở thích kích thích trí tuệ giúp người lớn tuổi trì hoãn sự suy giảm nhận thức và giảm nguy cơ mắc bệnh sa sút trí tuệ (dementia).
9. C
- Vị trí thông tin: Đoạn C – “…combating the health issues associated with the sedentary lifestyles of modern office workers.”
- Giải thích: Sở thích thể chất giúp chống lại các vấn đề sức khỏe sinh ra từ lối sống ít vận động (sedentary lifestyles) của nhân viên văn phòng.
10. B
- Vị trí thông tin: Đoạn D – “…modern urbanization often leaves individuals feeling isolated.”
- Giải thích: Đô thị hóa hiện đại thường khiến các cá nhân cảm thấy bị cô lập (isolated).
11. B
- Vị trí thông tin: Đoạn D – “Hobbies serve as a natural catalyst for community building.”
- Giải thích: Sở thích đóng vai trò như một chất xúc tác tự nhiên để xây dựng cộng đồng (community building).
12. C
- Vị trí thông tin: Đoạn D – “Individuals with niche or highly specialized interests… can now easily find and connect with thousands of like-minded enthusiasts globally…”
- Giải thích: Internet cho phép những người có sở thích ngách (niche interests) kết nối với những người cùng đam mê trên toàn cầu.
13. B
- Vị trí thông tin: Đoạn E – “…many individuals are now encouraged to monetize their hobbies.”
- Giải thích: Sự thay đổi trong thế kỷ 21 là mọi người đang được khuyến khích kiếm tiền từ (monetize) sở thích của họ.
14. B
- Vị trí thông tin: Đoạn E – “Driven by increasing living costs and the pervasive influence of social media…”
- Giải thích: Chi phí sinh hoạt tăng cao và sức ảnh hưởng của mạng xã hội là 2 yếu tố thúc đẩy văn hóa “nghề tay trái” (side hustle).
15. C
- Vị trí thông tin: Đoạn F – “Intrinsic motivation involves doing an activity simply because it is inherently enjoyable.”
- Giải thích: Động lực nội tại (intrinsic motivation) là việc làm một điều gì đó chỉ vì bản thân nó mang lại sự thú vị.
16. C
- Vị trí thông tin: Đoạn F – “When a hobby becomes a business, it inevitably introduces deadlines, customer expectations, and financial pressures.”
- Giải thích: Khi biến sở thích thành kinh doanh, nó sẽ mang đến hạn chót, kỳ vọng của khách hàng và áp lực tài chính.
17. A
- Vị trí thông tin: Đoạn F – “The activity that once provided a sanctuary from stress can quickly become a source of anxiety, leading to a phenomenon known as ‘hustle burnout’.”
- Giải thích: “Hustle burnout” xảy ra khi hoạt động từng là nơi trốn tránh căng thẳng lại biến thành nguồn gốc gây lo âu, mệt mỏi.
18. C
- Vị trí thông tin: Đoạn G – “They provide a necessary counterbalance to the demands of professional life.”
- Giải thích: Mục đích cốt lõi của sở thích là cung cấp sự cân bằng (counterbalance) đối với những yêu cầu của đời sống công việc.
19. B
- Vị trí thông tin: Đoạn G – “…experts suggest that individuals must fiercely protect their leisure time.”
- Giải thích: Các chuyên gia khuyên rằng mỗi cá nhân phải bảo vệ mạnh mẽ thời gian rảnh rỗi (leisure time) của mình.
20. B
- Vị trí thông tin: Đoạn G – “It is crucial to maintain at least one activity that is pursued entirely for the joy of the process, free from the pressure of productivity or financial gain.”
- Giải thích: Lời khuyên cuối cùng là phải giữ ít nhất một hoạt động hoàn toàn vì niềm vui, không chịu áp lực năng suất hay kiếm tiền.
Thống Kê Từ Vựng Mới (Vocabulary Statistics)
Bài đọc này chứa nhiều từ vựng ở cấp độ Band 5.5 – 6.0. Dưới đây là 15 từ vựng/cụm từ quan trọng nhất, được thiết kế để giúp người dùng ở trình độ “Modest User” nâng cấp vốn từ (từ vựng cốt lõi học thuật và mô tả):
| Số TT | Từ vựng | Phân loại | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Cách dùng / Tại sao quan trọng (Band 5.5-6.0) |
| 1 | Recreational | (adj) | Thuộc về giải trí | Dùng để thay thế cho từ “fun” hay “hobby”. VD: recreational activities. |
| 2 | Neurotransmitter | (n) | Chất dẫn truyền thần kinh | Từ vựng chuyên ngành sinh học/tâm lý thường xuất hiện trong IELTS Reading (Passage 2 & 3). |
| 3 | Immersed (in) | (adj) | Đắm chìm vào | Rất hữu ích trong Speaking & Writing để miêu tả sự tập trung cao độ vào sở thích/công việc. |
| 4 | Profound | (adj) | Sâu sắc, to lớn | Nâng cấp từ “deep” hoặc “very big”. VD: profound impact, profound concentration. |
| 5 | Cognitive | (adj) | Thuộc về nhận thức/trí óc | Từ vựng Academic cốt lõi, thường đi với “cognitive decline” (suy giảm nhận thức) hay “cognitive skills”. |
| 6 | Sedentary | (adj) | Ít vận động, ngồi nhiều | Từ “vàng” cho chủ đề Health (Sức khỏe). VD: sedentary lifestyle. |
| 7 | Catalyst | (n) | Chất xúc tác, nhân tố thúc đẩy | Dùng để miêu tả một thứ khiến sự việc khác xảy ra nhanh hơn. VD: a catalyst for change. |
| 8 | Niche | (adj/n) | Ngách, chuyên biệt | Dùng miêu tả những sở thích, thị trường rất nhỏ và đặc thù. VD: a niche market, niche interests. |
| 9 | Monetize | (v) | Kiếm tiền từ (một tài sản/hoạt động) | Từ vựng rất phổ biến trong thời đại số. VD: monetize a YouTube channel. |
| 10 | Pervasive | (adj) | Tỏa khắp, lan tràn | Dùng để miêu tả sự ảnh hưởng rộng khắp. VD: the pervasive influence of social media. |
| 11 | Intrinsic | (adj) | Thuộc về bản chất, nội tại | Từ vựng cao cấp để chỉ động lực xuất phát từ bên trong (intrinsic motivation). |
| 12 | Extrinsic | (adj) | Tác động từ bên ngoài | Trái nghĩa với Intrinsic. Động lực từ phần thưởng bên ngoài (tiền, danh tiếng). |
| 13 | Inevitably | (adv) | Một cách tất yếu, không thể tránh | Dùng làm trạng từ nối câu hoặc nhấn mạnh kết quả hiển nhiên. VD: This inevitably leads to problems. |
| 14 | Sanctuary | (n) | Nơi tôn nghiêm, nơi trú ẩn | Dùng bóng gió để chỉ một hoạt động/nơi chốn mang lại sự bình yên khỏi căng thẳng. |
| 15 | Counterbalance | (n/v) | Sự đối trọng, làm cân bằng | Từ nâng cấp của “balance”, thể hiện việc dùng cái này để bù trừ cho cái kia. |
Tổng số lượng từ vựng thống kê: 15 từ.
Tổng hợp: Để đạt được Band 5.5 – 6.0 trong kỹ năng Đọc (Reading), học viên cần làm quen với việc các từ vựng chủ đề (Ví dụ: Hobby) sẽ được liên kết với các khái niệm phức tạp hơn như Tâm lý học (Psychology), Kinh tế (Economy) và Sinh học (Biology) thông qua các từ như cognitive, monetize, hay intrinsic.
