Thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành (Past Perfect Tense) và 100 bài tập

Thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành (Past Perfect Tense) là một trong những thì quan trọng trong ngữ pháp tiếng Anh, giúp diễn tả những hành động đã hoàn thành trước một thời điểm hoặc sự kiện khác trong quá khứ. Để hiểu rõ hơn về thì này, chúng ta sẽ cùng tìm hiểu cấu trúc, cách dùng, và các ví dụ minh họa cụ thể.

Bài học liên quan: 5 cách sử dụng Quá khứ hoàn thành (Past Perfect).

Bài học cũ: Thì Tương Lai Tiếp Diễn (Future Continuous Tense) và 100 bài tập.

Cấu Trúc Của Thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành

Khẳng định:

• Công thức: S + had + V3 (Past Participle)
  Ví dụ:
• I had finished my homework before 8 p.m. (Tôi đã hoàn thành bài tập trước 8 giờ tối.)

Phủ định:

• Công thức: S + had not (hadn’t) + V3 (Past Participle)
  Ví dụ:
• She had not eaten breakfast before she went to work. (Cô ấy chưa ăn sáng trước khi đi làm.)

Nghi vấn:

• Công thức: Had + S + V3 (Past Participle)?
  Ví dụ:
• Had they left before the meeting started? (Họ đã rời đi trước khi cuộc họp bắt đầu chưa?)

Cách Dùng Thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành

Diễn Tả Hành Động Xảy Ra Trước Một Hành Động Khác Trong Quá Khứ

Thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành thường được sử dụng để diễn tả một hành động đã hoàn thành trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ. Hành động xảy ra trước dùng Past Perfect, hành động xảy ra sau dùng Past Simple.

Ví dụ:

• By the time we arrived at the station, the train had left.
  (Khi chúng tôi đến nhà ga, tàu đã rời đi.)

1. By the time I got home, they had eaten dinner.
2. When we arrived, the movie had already started.
3. She had finished her homework before her mother came home.
4. They had built the bridge before the storm hit.
5. After he had locked the door, he realized he left his keys inside.
6. By the time the show ended, they had left the theater.
7. I had cleaned the house before my friends arrived.
8. By the time she got to the airport, the plane had taken off.
9. After they had graduated, they moved to another city.
10. We had packed our bags before the taxi came.
11. He had never seen the movie until last night.
12. She hadn’t finished her book before the deadline.
13. When I reached the party, everyone had eaten.
14. After the sun had set, the temperature dropped.
15. By the time we got to the station, the bus had left.
16. They had cleaned the house before their guests arrived.
17. By the time the meeting started, she had prepared everything.
18. He had completed the project before the manager asked for it.
19. After she had cooked dinner, she sat down to relax.
20. They had never traveled abroad before their honeymoon.
21. After we had visited the museum, we went to the restaurant.
22. By the time I woke up, they had already left.
23. She had learned French before she moved to Paris.
24. They had saved enough money before they bought the house.
25. After I had called her, she came over.
26. By the time the class ended, I had understood the lesson.
27. He had washed the car before it started raining.
28. She hadn’t seen the message until I showed her.
29. After he had written the letter, he mailed it.
30. By the time we finished the game, they had left.
31. She had studied English for years before moving to the UK.
32. They had eaten lunch before we arrived.
33. By the time he reached the finish line, I had already crossed it.
34. We had completed our homework before the teacher checked it.
35. After they had lost the match, they practiced harder.
36. I had read the book before watching the movie.
37. She had fallen asleep before the movie ended.
38. They had cleaned the park before the event started.
39. By the time he arrived, we had finished the meeting.
40. She had learned to drive before she bought her first car.
41. After he had quit his job, he traveled around the world.
42. By the time I saw the news, the story had gone viral.
43. After they had gone to bed, the phone rang.
44. She had called the doctor before the symptoms got worse.
45. By the time we finished our lunch, they had already left.
46. He had never traveled alone before last summer.
47. By the time the sun rose, we had already left the campsite.
48. She had baked the cake before the guests arrived.
49. By the time they reached the top, we had already taken photos.
50. He had written the report before the deadline passed.
51. After we had cleaned the house, we went out for dinner.
52. They had never tried sushi before their trip to Japan.
53. By the time she arrived, the show had finished.
54. He had trained hard before the competition started.
55. She had visited the doctor before her condition worsened.
56. They had completed the project before the boss asked.
57. After they had moved, they started new jobs.
58. By the time we got there, the concert had already started.
59. He had eaten all the cookies before anyone else arrived.
60. After she had seen the news, she called her family.
61. By the time they arrived, we had already left.
62. She had practiced for hours before the performance.
63. After he had cleaned the room, he felt better.
64. By the time we arrived, the rain had stopped.
65. He had paid for the tickets before we reached the theater.
66. After they had finished the race, they celebrated.
67. She had washed her clothes before the power went out.
68. By the time I called him, he had already gone to bed.
69. They hadn’t finished the project when the deadline came.
70. After he had left, we realized he forgot his keys.
71. By the time the police arrived, the thieves had escaped.
72. He had written his will before his illness got worse.
73. They had decorated the house before the party started.
74. By the time we arrived, they had set the table.
75. She had packed her bags before the taxi arrived.
76. He had saved enough money before starting his business.
77. By the time we arrived, they had already started dinner.
78. After she had cleaned the kitchen, she went out for a walk.
79. By the time the bus came, we had waited for an hour.
80. He had painted the room before we moved in.
81. By the time the storm hit, we had prepared for it.
82. They had completed the report before the meeting.
83. She had graduated before she moved abroad.
84. By the time the kids arrived, we had finished the cooking.
85. He had made the decision before consulting anyone.
86. After she had finished her speech, the audience applauded.
87. By the time I opened the door, they had already gone.
88. He had cleaned the car before it started raining.
89. They hadn’t met before the conference last week.
90. After we had planted the garden, it rained heavily.
91. By the time we started our trip, they had already left.
92. She had tried the recipe before she perfected it.
93. After they had fixed the car, they went for a drive.
94. He had left the office before I arrived.
95. By the time I called her, she had gone to bed.
96. After we had finished our meal, we paid the bill.
97. By the time the show ended, they had fallen asleep.
98. She had traveled to Italy before she learned the language.
99. After they had prepared everything, the guests arrived.
100. He had never played tennis before last summer.

Diễn Tả Hành Động Đã Hoàn Thành Trước Một Thời Điểm Cụ Thể Trong Quá Khứ

Nếu bạn muốn diễn tả một hành động đã hoàn thành trước một mốc thời gian cụ thể trong quá khứ, bạn cũng sử dụng thì này.

Ví dụ:

• She had graduated before 2019.
  (Cô ấy đã tốt nghiệp trước năm 2019.)

Dùng Trong Câu Điều Kiện Loại 3

Thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành thường được sử dụng trong mệnh đề điều kiện loại 3 để diễn tả những điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ.

Ví dụ:

• If I had known about the meeting, I would have attended.
  (Nếu tôi biết về cuộc họp, tôi đã tham dự.)

Các Từ Nhận Biết Thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành

Khi học thì này, bạn cần chú ý đến các từ chỉ thời gian như:

• By the time (khi mà)
• Before (trước khi)
• After (sau khi)
• Already (đã)
• Just (vừa mới)
• When (khi mà)

Ví dụ:

• By the time the movie ended, he had fallen asleep.
  (Khi bộ phim kết thúc, anh ấy đã ngủ quên.)

Một Số Lưu Ý Khi Sử Dụng Thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành

• Had là trợ động từ duy nhất được sử dụng trong thì này, áp dụng cho tất cả các ngôi.
• Động từ chính luôn ở dạng quá khứ phân từ (V3).

Bài Tập Vận Dụng Thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành

Bài tập 1: Điền thì quá khứ hoàn thành vào chỗ trống:

1. After they __________ (leave), we cleaned the room.
2. She __________ (not finish) her work before the deadline.
3. Had he __________ (see) the movie before?
4. By the time I __________ (arrive) at the party, most of the guests had left.
5. They __________ (already, go) home before the rain started.
6. We __________ (finish) dinner by the time she came home.
7. He __________ (never, be) to Paris before the trip in 2019.
8. The teacher __________ (correct) all the exams before the students arrived.
9. After the plane __________ (land), we went to the hotel.
10. He __________ (just, leave) when she called.
11. The train __________ (already, leave) when we got to the station.
12. They __________ (eat) breakfast before the meeting.
13. By the time she arrived, they __________ (discuss) all the important points.
14. He __________ (not read) the book before the exam.
15. When I got there, they __________ (already, start) the movie.
16. I __________ (never, meet) her before that day.
17. By the time we reached the park, the concert __________ (end).
18. She __________ (just, finish) her homework when the bell rang.
19. He __________ (not clean) the house before the guests arrived.
20. Had they __________ (leave) before you arrived?
21. By 8 o’clock, she __________ (complete) her project.
22. We __________ (already, decide) what to do before they asked us.
23. The students __________ (leave) the classroom when the bell rang.
24. She __________ (already, buy) the tickets before I arrived.
25. Had you __________ (ever, see) such a beautiful sunset before that day?
26. They __________ (not visit) the museum before the trip.
27. By the time we found the key, we __________ (already, miss) the bus.
28. She __________ (already, pack) her bags before the taxi arrived.
29. He __________ (already, leave) by the time we got there.
30. Had she __________ (finish) her work before the meeting started?
31. After he __________ (break) the vase, he quickly left the room.
32. The movie __________ (start) by the time we arrived at the cinema.
33. They __________ (not finish) their dinner when the guests arrived.
34. After the party __________ (end), everyone went home.
35. By the time I called, she __________ (leave) for work.
36. We __________ (already, clean) the house when the visitors arrived.
37. They __________ (live) in that house for five years before they moved.
38. He __________ (not see) his friends before they met at the reunion.
39. By the time we got home, the kids __________ (already, fall) asleep.
40. She __________ (not eat) anything before going to bed.
41. By the time he proposed, they __________ (date) for five years.
42. After the game __________ (finish), we went to celebrate.
43. They __________ (not talk) for a long time before they met again.
44. He __________ (study) English before he moved to the US.
45. Had they __________ (finish) their meal before you arrived?
46. We __________ (not speak) to each other for years before the meeting.
47. By the time the sun rose, they __________ (already, leave).
48. She __________ (not receive) the letter before the exam.
49. After the rain __________ (stop), we went outside.
50. They __________ (visit) many countries before they moved to Europe.
51. By the time we arrived, she __________ (already, finish) her speech.
52. They __________ (sell) the house before they moved to the city.
53. I __________ (already, eat) lunch when you called.
54. The dog __________ (not eat) its food before we got home.
55. By the time we reached the airport, the plane __________ (already, take off).
56. She __________ (work) there for 10 years before she retired.
57. They __________ (not make) any decisions before the meeting.
58. By the time I found my phone, I __________ (already, miss) your call.
59. After the class __________ (end), we went to the cafe.
60. Had they __________ (ever, travel) to Japan before their vacation?
61. He __________ (not finish) reading the book before the exam.
62. We __________ (already, leave) by the time the phone rang.
63. By the time we arrived, the guests __________ (already, leave).
64. They __________ (not prepare) the presentation before the meeting.
65. After she __________ (graduate), she moved to New York.
66. By the time the sun set, they __________ (already, complete) the task.
67. We __________ (not buy) the tickets before the event started.
68. Had you __________ (ever, visit) Paris before your honeymoon?
69. The car __________ (break down) before we reached the highway.
70. By the time she called, he __________ (already, go) to bed.
71. After he __________ (lose) the match, he decided to quit.
72. They __________ (already, move) to a new house before we visited.
73. By the time we found the address, they __________ (already, leave).
74. She __________ (not wash) the dishes before her mom arrived.
75. After the rain __________ (stop), we went for a walk.
76. By the time we arrived, the teacher __________ (already, start) the lesson.
77. He __________ (not finish) his homework before the deadline.
78. After she __________ (write) the report, she sent it to her boss.
79. Had they __________ (finish) the project before the deadline?
80. We __________ (not hear) the news before the announcement.
81. After the flight __________ (land), they took a taxi to the hotel.
82. She __________ (never, meet) him before that party.
83. By the time I got home, they __________ (already, have) dinner.
84. We __________ (already, pack) before the taxi arrived.
85. After the storm __________ (pass), the sky cleared up.
86. They __________ (not visit) the city before last year.
87. He __________ (just, finish) his meal when the phone rang.
88. The concert __________ (start) by the time we got there.
89. They __________ (never, be) to London before the trip.
90. By the time the meeting started, they __________ (already, prepare) everything.
91. She __________ (not check) her email before the interview.
92. After the movie __________ (finish), we went for dinner.
93. By the time I arrived, they __________ (already, go) home.
94. The train __________ (leave) before we reached the station.
95. They __________ (not see) the new movie before last night.
96. By the time she called, we __________ (already, decide).
97. He __________ (not visit) his hometown before the reunion.
98. After the lesson __________ (end), they packed up and left.
99. We __________ (already, complete) the assignment when the teacher arrived.
100. Had you __________ (meet) him before the conference?

Đáp án:

1. had left
2. had not finished
3. seen
4. had arrived
5. had already gone
6. had finished
7. had never been
8. had corrected
9. had landed
10. had just left
11. had already left
12. had eaten
13. had discussed
14. had not read
15. had already started
16. had never met
17. had ended
18. had just finished
19. had not cleaned
20. had left
21. had completed
22. had already decided
23. had left
24. had already bought
25. had ever seen
26. had not visited
27. had already missed
28. had already packed
29. had already left
30. had finished
31. had broken
32. had started
33. had not finished
34. had ended
35. had left
36. had already cleaned
37. had lived
38. had not seen
39. had already fallen
40. had not eaten
41. had dated
42. had finished
43. had not talked
44. had studied
45. had finished
46. had not spoken
47. had already left
48. had not received
49. had stopped
50. had visited
51. had already finished
52. had sold
53. had already eaten
54. had not eaten
55. had already taken off
56. had worked
57. had not made
58. had already missed
59. had ended
60. had ever traveled
61. had not finished
62. had already left
63. had already left
64. had not prepared
65. had graduated
66. had already completed
67. had not bought
68. had ever visited
69. had broken down
70. had already gone
71. had lost
72. had already moved
73. had already left
74. had not washed
75. had stopped
76. had already started
77. had not finished
78. had written
79. had finished
80. had not heard
81. had landed
82. had never met
83. had already had
84. had already packed
85. had passed
86. had not visited
87. had just finished
88. had started
89. had never been
90. had already prepared
91. had not checked
92. had finished
93. had already gone
94. had left
95. had not seen
96. had already decided
97. had not visited
98. had ended
99. had already completed
100. had met

Thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành (Past Perfect Tense) là một công cụ quan trọng trong tiếng Anh để diễn tả các sự kiện đã hoàn thành trước một mốc thời gian hoặc một sự kiện khác trong quá khứ. Việc nắm vững cách sử dụng của thì này không chỉ giúp bạn giao tiếp hiệu quả hơn mà còn giúp bạn thể hiện rõ ràng mối quan hệ thời gian giữa các hành động trong quá khứ.