Cấu Trúc Câu Điều Kiện Loại 2 (Second Conditional) và bài tập

Câu điều kiện loại 2 là một trong những loại câu điều kiện phổ biến trong tiếng Anh, được sử dụng để nói về những giả định không có thật hoặc không thể xảy ra trong hiện tại. Trong bài viết này, chúng ta sẽ tìm hiểu chi tiết về cấu trúc, cách sử dụng và một số ví dụ cụ thể của câu điều kiện loại 2.

Bài cũ: Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 1 (First Conditional) và bài tập.

Bài viết có liên quan:

100 câu luyện tập ngữ pháp câu điều kiện không có thật loại 1, 2 và 3.

6 cách sử dụng Thể điều kiện (Conditional) trong tiếng Anh.

Cấu Trúc Câu Điều Kiện Loại 2

Câu điều kiện loại 2 có cấu trúc như sau:

• If + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + would/could/might + V (nguyên mẫu)

Trong đó:

• If: từ nối bắt buộc trong câu điều kiện.
• S: chủ ngữ.
• V (quá khứ đơn): động từ chia ở thì quá khứ đơn.
• would/could/might: trợ động từ.
• V (nguyên mẫu): động từ ở dạng nguyên mẫu.

Ví dụ:

• If I had more time, I would learn a new language.
  (Nếu tôi có nhiều thời gian hơn, tôi sẽ học một ngôn ngữ mới.)
• If she were here, she could help us.
  (Nếu cô ấy ở đây, cô ấy có thể giúp chúng ta.)

1. If I won the lottery, I would buy a new house.
2. If she studied harder, she would pass the exam.
3. If they moved to New York, they might find better jobs.
4. If I were you, I would apologize.
5. If it rained today, we would stay inside.
6. If he were here, he could help us.
7. If we had more time, we could finish the project.
8. If I knew her address, I would send her an invitation.
9. If I had a car, I could drive you to the station.
10. If they were rich, they would travel the world.
11. If I had more money, I could go on vacation.
12. If she knew the answer, she would tell us.
13. If I had a dog, I would take it for a walk every day.
14. If we lived closer to the city, we might go there more often.
15. If I spoke French, I could work in Paris.
16. If he practiced more, he would become a great musician.
17. If I had more free time, I would read more books.
18. If they knew the truth, they would be shocked.
19. If I were taller, I could play basketball better.
20. If it were summer, we could go to the beach.
21. If I didn’t have to work tomorrow, I would stay up late.
22. If she were more confident, she might succeed in her career.
23. If I had enough money, I would buy a new phone.
24. If they invited us, we would go to the party.
25. If I were the boss, I would give everyone a raise.
26. If it snowed, we would build a snowman.
27. If I could sing, I would join a band.
28. If she had her own business, she would be very successful.
29. If they knew how to swim, they would go to the pool more often.
30. If I were better at math, I could solve this problem.
31. If we had a garden, we could grow our own vegetables.
32. If he studied more, he would get better grades.
33. If I had a boat, I could sail around the world.
34. If they lived in the city, they might have more opportunities.
35. If I knew how to cook, I would make dinner for you.
36. If she had more experience, she could get that job.
37. If I were a millionaire, I would donate to charity.
38. If they spoke English, they would travel abroad.
39. If I had a bigger apartment, I could invite more friends over.
40. If it were not so cold, we would go hiking.
41. If I were a better writer, I could publish a book.
42. If she didn’t work so hard, she would have more free time.
43. If we had tickets, we could go to the concert.
44. If I were in your shoes, I would make a different decision.
45. If it were warmer, we could have a picnic.
46. If they were more organized, they could finish their work faster.
47. If I had more courage, I would tell him the truth.
48. If she knew how to dance, she would join the dance competition.
49. If we had more information, we could make a better decision.
50. If I could speak Spanish, I would travel to Spain.
51. If he were my friend, he would help me.
52. If I lived by the beach, I would swim every day.
53. If I had more patience, I would teach kids.
54. If they liked sports, they could join the team.
55. If I were the president, I would lower taxes.
56. If it were my birthday, I would throw a party.
57. If we had a bigger kitchen, we could cook together.
58. If I were a famous actor, I would live in Hollywood.
59. If they had better communication skills, they would solve the issue.
60. If I were more creative, I could design my own clothes.
61. If it weren’t so far, we could walk there.
62. If she worked harder, she would be promoted.
63. If I had more time, I would visit my grandparents more often.
64. If they were my neighbors, I would invite them over for dinner.
65. If I had a better camera, I could take professional photos.
66. If she loved animals, she would adopt a pet.
67. If we lived in a big city, we would have more job opportunities.
68. If I didn’t have any plans, I would join you.
69. If he were more careful, he wouldn’t make so many mistakes.
70. If I could draw, I would paint a beautiful picture.
71. If they had more training, they could do the job better.
72. If I weren’t so tired, I would go to the gym.
73. If it were a holiday, we would relax at home.
74. If I could travel anywhere, I would go to Japan.
75. If he weren’t busy, he would come with us.
76. If we had a better strategy, we could win the game.
77. If I knew how to drive, I would rent a car.
78. If they cared more, they would try harder.
79. If I didn’t need to wake up early, I would stay up late.
80. If she were more polite, people would like her more.
81. If we had more resources, we could finish the project faster.
82. If I were a scientist, I would discover new things.
83. If they didn’t argue so much, they would be happier.
84. If I were a bird, I would fly around the world.
85. If it weren’t raining, we would go for a walk.
86. If I had a friend in Italy, I would visit them every summer.
87. If she practiced every day, she would become a great singer.
88. If I could fly, I would visit all my friends.
89. If they were honest, they wouldn’t lie to you.
90. If I had more energy, I would work out every morning.
91. If it were Sunday, we could sleep in.
92. If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
93. If she loved reading, she would visit the library often.
94. If they had a better plan, they could achieve their goals.
95. If I didn’t have a cold, I would go to the party.
96. If he knew how to fix cars, he would repair his own.
97. If we weren’t so busy, we could take a vacation.
98. If I weren’t afraid of heights, I would try skydiving.
99. If she spoke up, people would listen to her.
100. If I could play the piano, I would perform in a concert.

Cách Sử Dụng Câu Điều Kiện Loại 2

Câu điều kiện loại 2 thường được sử dụng trong các tình huống không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc không có khả năng xảy ra. Những giả định này có thể là không thể thực hiện được, không có căn cứ hoặc chỉ là những tình huống tưởng tượng.

Giả Định Không Có Thật

Câu điều kiện loại 2 được sử dụng khi muốn nói về điều gì đó không có thật ở hiện tại.

Ví dụ:

• If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.
  (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ không làm điều đó.)

Trong ví dụ này, “tôi” không phải là “bạn”, do đó câu này chỉ là một tình huống giả định.

Những Điều Không Thể Xảy Ra

Cấu trúc này cũng được dùng để diễn tả những điều gần như không thể xảy ra trong thực tế.

Ví dụ:

• If he won the lottery, he would travel the world.
  (Nếu anh ấy trúng số, anh ấy sẽ đi du lịch khắp thế giới.)

Tình huống này không thực tế bởi vì cơ hội trúng số rất thấp.

Cách Sử Dụng “Were” Trong Câu Điều Kiện Loại 2

Trong câu điều kiện loại 2, động từ “to be” thường được sử dụng dưới dạng “were” cho tất cả các ngôi, bao gồm “I”, “he”, “she”, “it”, thay vì sử dụng “was” như trong câu bình thường. Đây là một điểm ngữ pháp đặc biệt cần lưu ý.

Ví dụ:

• If I were rich, I would buy a mansion.
  (Nếu tôi giàu, tôi sẽ mua một căn biệt thự.)

Việc sử dụng “were” thay vì “was” là một quy tắc cố định trong câu điều kiện loại 2, bất kể chủ ngữ là gì.

Sự Khác Biệt Giữa Câu Điều Kiện Loại 1 Và Loại 2

Để không nhầm lẫn giữa câu điều kiện loại 1 và loại 2, cần lưu ý rằng câu điều kiện loại 1 dùng để nói về những sự việc có thể xảy ra trong tương lai, trong khi câu điều kiện loại 2 diễn tả những giả định không có thật hoặc khó xảy ra.

• Câu điều kiện loại 1: If + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + will + V (nguyên mẫu).
  • Ví dụ: If it rains, we will stay at home.
    (Nếu trời mưa, chúng ta sẽ ở nhà.)
• Câu điều kiện loại 2: If + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + would/could/might + V (nguyên mẫu).
  • Ví dụ: If it rained, we would stay at home.
    (Nếu trời mưa, chúng ta sẽ ở nhà – giả định trời mưa.)

1. Loại 1: If I have time, I will visit you.
   Loại 2: If I had time, I would visit you.
2. Loại 1: If she studies hard, she will pass the exam.
   Loại 2: If she studied hard, she would pass the exam.
3. Loại 1: If they leave now, they will catch the bus.
   Loại 2: If they left now, they would catch the bus.
4. Loại 1: If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the beach.
   Loại 2: If it didn’t rain, we would go to the beach.
5. Loại 1: If he calls me, I will help him.
   Loại 2: If he called me, I would help him.
6. Loại 1: If you eat too much, you will feel sick.
   Loại 2: If you ate too much, you would feel sick.
7. Loại 1: If we finish early, we will go out for dinner.
   Loại 2: If we finished early, we would go out for dinner.
8. Loại 1: If she asks, I will tell her the truth.
   Loại 2: If she asked, I would tell her the truth.
9. Loại 1: If you study, you will improve your English.
   Loại 2: If you studied, you would improve your English.
10. Loại 1: If I see him tomorrow, I will give him the book.
    Loại 2: If I saw him tomorrow, I would give him the book.
11. Loại 1: If we work together, we will finish faster.
    Loại 2: If we worked together, we would finish faster.
12. Loại 1: If she goes to bed early, she will feel better tomorrow.
    Loại 2: If she went to bed early, she would feel better tomorrow.
13. Loại 1: If they invite me, I will come to the party.
    Loại 2: If they invited me, I would come to the party.
14. Loại 1: If you drink coffee now, you will stay awake.
    Loại 2: If you drank coffee now, you would stay awake.
15. Loại 1: If it snows tonight, we will build a snowman.
    Loại 2: If it snowed tonight, we would build a snowman.
16. Loại 1: If the weather is nice, we will have a picnic.
    Loại 2: If the weather were nice, we would have a picnic.
17. Loại 1: If he works hard, he will succeed.
    Loại 2: If he worked hard, he would succeed.
18. Loại 1: If I am late, I will call you.
    Loại 2: If I were late, I would call you.
19. Loại 1: If she saves enough money, she will buy a car.
    Loại 2: If she saved enough money, she would buy a car.
20. Loại 1: If they arrive early, they will get a good seat.
    Loại 2: If they arrived early, they would get a good seat.
21. Loại 1: If I feel better tomorrow, I will go to work.
    Loại 2: If I felt better tomorrow, I would go to work.
22. Loại 1: If you apologize, she will forgive you.
    Loại 2: If you apologized, she would forgive you.
23. Loại 1: If we take the train, we will arrive on time.
    Loại 2: If we took the train, we would arrive on time.
24. Loại 1: If he doesn’t study, he will fail the test.
    Loại 2: If he didn’t study, he would fail the test.
25. Loại 1: If it’s sunny tomorrow, we will go hiking.
    Loại 2: If it were sunny tomorrow, we would go hiking.
26. Loại 1: If you exercise regularly, you will feel healthier.
    Loại 2: If you exercised regularly, you would feel healthier.
27. Loại 1: If she wears that dress, she will look beautiful.
    Loại 2: If she wore that dress, she would look beautiful.
28. Loại 1: If they help us, we will finish the project early.
    Loại 2: If they helped us, we would finish the project early.
29. Loại 1: If I win the lottery, I will travel around the world.
    Loại 2: If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.
30. Loại 1: If you don’t hurry, you will miss the bus.
    Loại 2: If you didn’t hurry, you would miss the bus.
31. Loại 1: If we cook dinner, we will eat together.
    Loại 2: If we cooked dinner, we would eat together.
32. Loại 1: If it stops raining, we will go for a walk.
    Loại 2: If it stopped raining, we would go for a walk.
33. Loại 1: If she makes a mistake, she will apologize.
    Loại 2: If she made a mistake, she would apologize.
34. Loại 1: If they don’t come soon, we will leave.
    Loại 2: If they didn’t come soon, we would leave.
35. Loại 1: If I finish my work early, I will watch TV.
    Loại 2: If I finished my work early, I would watch TV.
36. Loại 1: If you clean the room, I will cook dinner.
    Loại 2: If you cleaned the room, I would cook dinner.
37. Loại 1: If we drive carefully, we will arrive safely.
    Loại 2: If we drove carefully, we would arrive safely.
38. Loại 1: If he doesn’t hurry, he will be late.
    Loại 2: If he didn’t hurry, he would be late.
39. Loại 1: If I save enough money, I will buy a new phone.
    Loại 2: If I saved enough money, I would buy a new phone.
40. Loại 1: If it’s cold, we will wear jackets.
    Loại 2: If it were cold, we would wear jackets.
41. Loại 1: If she doesn’t eat breakfast, she will be hungry later.
    Loại 2: If she didn’t eat breakfast, she would be hungry later.
42. Loại 1: If we don’t hurry, we will miss the train.
    Loại 2: If we didn’t hurry, we would miss the train.
43. Loại 1: If he works overtime, he will earn more money.
    Loại 2: If he worked overtime, he would earn more money.
44. Loại 1: If you call me, I will come to help you.
    Loại 2: If you called me, I would come to help you.
45. Loại 1: If we leave now, we will arrive on time.
    Loại 2: If we left now, we would arrive on time.
46. Loại 1: If she sings at the party, everyone will enjoy it.
    Loại 2: If she sang at the party, everyone would enjoy it.
47. Loại 1: If I eat too much, I will feel tired.
    Loại 2: If I ate too much, I would feel tired.
48. Loại 1: If they fix the car, we will go on a road trip.
    Loại 2: If they fixed the car, we would go on a road trip.
49. Loại 1: If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the trip.
    Loại 2: If it rained tomorrow, we would cancel the trip.
50. Loại 1: If I study hard, I will get good grades.
    Loại 2: If I studied hard, I would get good grades.

Một Số Ví Dụ Câu Điều Kiện Loại 2 Khác

• If they had more money, they could buy a new house.
  (Nếu họ có nhiều tiền hơn, họ có thể mua một ngôi nhà mới.)
• If I knew her number, I would call her.
  (Nếu tôi biết số của cô ấy, tôi sẽ gọi cho cô ấy.)
• If we lived in Paris, we might visit the Eiffel Tower more often.
  (Nếu chúng tôi sống ở Paris, chúng tôi có thể thăm tháp Eiffel thường xuyên hơn.)

Câu điều kiện loại 2 là một cấu trúc quan trọng trong tiếng Anh, giúp người học diễn tả những tình huống giả định không có thật hoặc khó có thể xảy ra trong hiện tại. Việc nắm vững cấu trúc và cách sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 2 sẽ giúp bạn giao tiếp tự tin hơn trong cả văn nói và văn viết.