100 bài tập luyện tập câu điều kiện của ngữ pháp tiếng Anh

Chủ đề về câu điều kiện trong tiếng Anh là một phần quan trọng trong ngữ pháp, giúp diễn đạt các tình huống giả định và kết quả có thể xảy ra. Trong bài viết này, chúng ta sẽ tìm hiểu và thực hành về ba loại câu điều kiện phổ biến: loại 1 (câu điều kiện có thể xảy ra trong tương lai), loại 2 (câu điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại), và loại 3 (câu điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ). Hãy cùng làm quen với các ví dụ và bài tập để nắm vững kiến thức này.

Trong ngữ pháp tiếng Anh, câu điều kiện (conditional sentences) được sử dụng để diễn tả mối quan hệ giữa điều kiện và kết quả. Câu điều kiện thường có hai mệnh đề: mệnh đề điều kiện (if-clause) và mệnh đề chính (main clause). Dưới đây là các loại câu điều kiện chính, công thức, cách sử dụng và ví dụ:

1. Câu điều kiện loại 0 (Zero Conditional)

• Công thức: If + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V (hiện tại đơn)
• Cách sử dụng: Diễn tả sự thật hiển nhiên, quy luật tự nhiên, hoặc thói quen luôn đúng.
• Ví dụ:
  • If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
    (Nếu bạn đun nước đến 100°C, nó sẽ sôi.)
  • If I have time, I read books.
    (Nếu tôi có thời gian, tôi đọc sách.)

2. Câu điều kiện loại 1 (First Conditional)

• Công thức: If + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + will/can/may + V (nguyên thể)
• Cách sử dụng: Diễn tả sự việc có thể xảy ra trong tương lai nếu điều kiện được đáp ứng. Mang tính thực tế.
• Ví dụ:
  • If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
    (Nếu mai trời mưa, tôi sẽ ở nhà.)
  • If you study hard, you can pass the exam.
    (Nếu bạn học chăm chỉ, bạn có thể thi đỗ.)

3. Câu điều kiện loại 2 (Second Conditional)

• Công thức: If + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + would/could/might + V (nguyên thể)
• Cách sử dụng: Diễn tả sự việc không có thật hoặc khó xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai, mang tính giả định.
• Lưu ý: Động từ “to be” trong mệnh đề “if” thường dùng “were” cho tất cả các ngôi.
• Ví dụ:
  • If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
    (Nếu tôi giàu, tôi sẽ đi du lịch khắp thế giới.)
  • If she studied harder, she could get better grades.
    (Nếu cô ấy học chăm hơn, cô ấy có thể đạt điểm cao hơn.)

4. Câu điều kiện loại 3 (Third Conditional)

• Công thức: If + S + had + V3/ed, S + would/could/might + have + V3/ed
• Cách sử dụng: Diễn tả sự việc không có thật trong quá khứ, thường dùng để tiếc nuối hoặc giả định về một điều đã xảy ra.
• Ví dụ:
  • If I had known about the meeting, I would have attended.
    (Nếu tôi biết về cuộc họp, tôi đã tham dự.)
  • If they had left earlier, they could have caught the train.
    (Nếu họ rời đi sớm hơn, họ đã có thể bắt kịp chuyến tàu.)

5. Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp (Mixed Conditional)

• Cách sử dụng: Kết hợp các loại điều kiện để diễn tả mối quan hệ giữa quá khứ và hiện tại, hoặc ngược lại.
• Ví dụ:
  • If I had studied harder (loại 3 – quá khứ), I would be a doctor now (loại 2 – hiện tại).
    (Nếu tôi học chăm chỉ hơn, giờ tôi đã là bác sĩ.)
  • If she were more confident (loại 2 – hiện tại), she would have won the competition (loại 3 – quá khứ).
    (Nếu cô ấy tự tin hơn, cô ấy đã thắng cuộc thi.)

Một số lưu ý quan trọng:

1. Thay “If” bằng các từ khác:
   • Có thể dùng “unless” (trừ khi), “provided that”, “as long as” (miễn là), “in case” (trong trường hợp) để thay thế “if”.
   • Ví dụ: Unless you hurry, you will miss the bus.
     (Trừ khi bạn nhanh lên, bạn sẽ lỡ xe buýt.)
2. Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện:
   • Loại 1: Should + S + V, S + will/can + V
     Ví dụ: Should you need help, call me.
     (Nếu bạn cần giúp, hãy gọi tôi.)
   • Loại 2: Were + S + (to V), S + would/could + V
     Ví dụ: Were I you, I would apologize.
     (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ xin lỗi.)
   • Loại 3: Had + S + V3/ed, S + would/could + have + V3/ed
     Ví dụ: Had I known, I would have helped.
     (Nếu tôi biết, tôi đã giúp.)
3. Dùng “will/would” trong mệnh đề “if”:
   • Thường không dùng “will/would” trong mệnh đề “if”, trừ khi diễn tả ý chí, sự sẵn lòng, hoặc kết quả chắc chắn.
   • Ví dụ: If you will wait a moment, I’ll get the keys.
     (Nếu bạn chịu chờ một lát, tôi sẽ lấy chìa khóa.)
4. Câu điều kiện với “wish” hoặc “if only”:
   • Diễn tả mong muốn, thường tương tự câu điều kiện loại 2 hoặc 3.
   • Ví dụ: I wish I were taller. (Loại 2)
     If only I had studied harder. (Loại 3)

Website cũng đã có những bài viết về câu điều kiện >>>>>>

6 cách sử dụng Thể điều kiện (Conditional) trong tiếng Anh

100 câu bài tập Conditional Sentences

100 câu luyện tập ngữ pháp câu điều kiện không có thật loại 1, 2 và 3

150 câu điều kiện trong tiếng Anh và bài tập

100 bài tập luyện tập câu điều kiện của ngữ pháp tiếng Anh

Hãy hoàn thành các câu trên với các động từ ở thì phù hợp để tạo thành các câu điều kiện hoàn chỉnh.

1. If it __________ (rain), we will cancel the picnic.
2. She will be happy if she __________ (pass) the exam.
3. If he __________ (study) hard, he will get good grades.
4. They __________ (go) to the beach if the weather is nice.
5. If you __________ (eat) too much, you will get sick.
6. He will call you if he __________ (have) time.
7. If you __________ (not wear) a coat, you will catch a cold.
8. We will miss the bus if we __________ (not hurry).
9. If they __________ (arrive) on time, they will see the show.
10. If she __________ (exercise) regularly, she will stay healthy.
11. If I __________ (have) a lot of money, I would travel the world.
12. She would be happier if she __________ (get) a better job.
13. If he __________ (study) more, he would pass the test.
14. They __________ (buy) a new house if they had enough money.
15. If you __________ (not eat) junk food, you would be healthier.
16. He __________ (help) you if he knew how.
17. If you __________ (speak) Spanish, you would get the job.
18. We __________ (go) to the park if it were sunny.
19. If they __________ (play) better, they would win the game.
20. If she __________ (not be) so shy, she would have more friends.
21. If it __________ (not rain) yesterday, we would have gone to the park.
22. She __________ (pass) the exam if she had studied harder.
23. If he __________ (come) on time, he would have met her.
24. They __________ (see) the movie if they had arrived earlier.
25. If you __________ (tell) me, I would have helped you.
26. He __________ (not miss) the train if he had woken up early.
27. If you __________ (ask) me, I would have lent you some money.
28. We __________ (finish) the project if we had started earlier.
29. If they __________ (know) about it, they would have come.
30. If she __________ (not forget) her keys, she wouldn’t have been locked out.
31. If you __________ (study), you will succeed.
32. He __________ (call) you if he has news.
33. If they __________ (practice), they will improve.
34. If she __________ (feel) better, she will join us.
35. You will see results if you __________ (exercise) regularly.
36. If he __________ (not go), he will regret it.
37. We __________ (visit) the museum if we have time.
38. If they __________ (work) hard, they will achieve their goals.
39. If you __________ (listen) carefully, you will understand.
40. He __________ (win) if he tries his best.
41. If I __________ (be) you, I would take that job.
42. She __________ (travel) more if she had more time.
43. If he __________ (play) guitar, he would join the band.
44. They __________ (not leave) if they enjoyed the party.
45. If you __________ (speak) louder, people would hear you.
46. He __________ (buy) the car if he had the money.
47. If we __________ (know) the answer, we would tell you.
48. If they __________ (not be) busy, they would come over.
49. If she __________ (study) harder, she would be top of the class.
50. If it __________ (snow), we would build a snowman.
51. If it __________ (rain), we would have stayed inside.
52. She __________ (finish) the project if she had started earlier.
53. If he __________ (not go) to the party, he would have missed her.
54. They __________ (leave) if they had known.
55. If you __________ (call) me, I would have answered.
56. He __________ (pass) the exam if he had studied.
57. If we __________ (arrive) earlier, we would have seen the performance.
58. If they __________ (not forget) the tickets, they would have gone.
59. If she __________ (be) there, she would have helped.
60. If it __________ (not snow), we would have gone hiking.
61. If you __________ (try), you will succeed.
62. He __________ (help) you if he can.
63. If they __________ (plan), they will achieve.
64. If she __________ (cook), we will eat well.
65. You will learn if you __________ (listen).
66. If he __________ (run), he will win.
67. We __________ (go) if it is sunny.
68. If they __________ (play), they will enjoy.
69. If you __________ (wait), you will see.
70. He __________ (finish) if he starts.
71. If I __________ (see) you, I would say hello.
72. She __________ (be) happy if she had a pet.
73. If he __________ (work) less, he would relax more.
74. They __________ (travel) if they had money.
75. If you __________ (not smoke), you would be healthier.
76. He __________ (go) if he were invited.
77. If we __________ (know), we would tell you.
78. If they __________ (be) here, they would help.
79. If she __________ (study), she would succeed.
80. If it __________ (rain), we would stay inside.
81. If it __________ (not rain), we would have gone out.
82. She __________ (call) you if she had known.
83. If he __________ (try), he would have succeeded.
84. They __________ (come) if they had been invited.
85. If you __________ (study), you would have passed.
86. He __________ (help) if he had been there.
87. If we __________ (know), we would have come.
88. If they __________ (listen), they would have learned.
89. If she __________ (ask), she would have received.
90. If it __________ (snow), we would have stayed home.
91. If you __________ (read), you will learn.
92. He __________ (play) if he is invited.
93. If they __________ (cook), we will eat.
94. If she __________ (run), she will win.
95. You will see if you __________ (wait).
96. If he __________ (start), he will finish.
97. We __________ (go) if it is warm.
98. If they __________ (sing), we will listen.
99. If you __________ (ask), you will receive.
100. He __________ (learn) if he studies.

Đáp án

1. If it rains, we will cancel the picnic.
2. She will be happy if she passes the exam.
3. If he studies hard, he will get good grades.
4. They will go to the beach if the weather is nice.
5. If you eat too much, you will get sick.
6. He will call you if he has time.
7. If you do not wear a coat, you will catch a cold.
8. We will miss the bus if we do not hurry.
9. If they arrive on time, they will see the show.
10. If she exercises regularly, she will stay healthy.
11. If I had a lot of money, I would travel the world.
12. She would be happier if she got a better job.
13. If he studied more, he would pass the test.
14. They would buy a new house if they had enough money.
15. If you did not eat junk food, you would be healthier.
16. He would help you if he knew how.
17. If you spoke Spanish, you would get the job.
18. We would go to the park if it were sunny.
19. If they played better, they would win the game.
20. If she were not so shy, she would have more friends.
21. If it had not rained yesterday, we would have gone to the park.
22. She would have passed the exam if she had studied harder.
23. If he had come on time, he would have met her.
24. They would have seen the movie if they had arrived earlier.
25. If you had told me, I would have helped you.
26. He would not have missed the train if he had woken up early.
27. If you had asked me, I would have lent you some money.
28. We would have finished the project if we had started earlier.
29. If they had known about it, they would have come.
30. If she had not forgotten her keys, she wouldn’t have been locked out.
31. If you study, you will succeed.
32. He will call you if he has news.
33. If they practice, they will improve.
34. If she feels better, she will join us.
35. You will see results if you exercise regularly.
36. If he does not go, he will regret it.
37. We will visit the museum if we have time.
38. If they work hard, they will achieve their goals.
39. If you listen carefully, you will understand.
40. He will win if he tries his best.
41. If I were you, I would take that job.
42. She would travel more if she had more time.
43. If he played guitar, he would join the band.
44. They would not leave if they enjoyed the party.
45. If you spoke louder, people would hear you.
46. He would buy the car if he had the money.
47. If we knew the answer, we would tell you.
48. If they were not busy, they would come over.
49. If she studied harder, she would be top of the class.
50. If it snowed, we would build a snowman.
51. If it had not rained, we would have stayed inside.
52. She would have finished the project if she had started earlier.
53. If he had not gone to the party, he would have missed her.
54. They would have left if they had known.
55. If you had called me, I would have answered.
56. He would have passed the exam if he had studied.
57. If we had arrived earlier, we would have seen the performance.
58. If they had not forgotten the tickets, they would have gone.
59. If she had been there, she would have helped.
60. If it had not snowed, we would have gone hiking.

61. If you try, you will succeed.
62. He will help you if he can.
63. If they plan, they will achieve.
64. If she cooks, we will eat well.
65. You will learn if you listen.
66. If he runs, he will win.
67. We will go if it is sunny.
68. If they play, they will enjoy.
69. If you wait, you will see.
70. He will finish if he starts.

71. If I saw you, I would say hello.
72. She would be happy if she had a pet.
73. If he worked less, he would relax more.
74. They would travel if they had money.
75. If you did not smoke, you would be healthier.
76. He would go if he were invited.
77. If we knew, we would tell you.
78. If they were here, they would help.
79. If she studied, she would succeed.
80. If it rained, we would stay inside.

81. If it had not rained, we would have gone out.
82. She would have called you if she had known.
83. If he had tried, he would have succeeded.
84. They would have come if they had been invited.
85. If you had studied, you would have passed.
86. He would have helped if he had been there.
87. If we had known, we would have come.
88. If they had listened, they would have learned.
89. If she had asked, she would have received.
90. If it had snowed, we would have stayed home.

91. If you read, you will learn.
92. He will play if he is invited.
93. If they cook, we will eat.
94. If she runs, she will win.
95. You will see if you wait.
96. If he starts, he will finish.
97. We will go if it is warm.
98. If they sing, we will listen.
99. If you ask, you will receive.
100. He will learn if he studies.

Chúc các bạn làm bài tập tốt.